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A Zajczyk

Publications and source records attributed to A Zajczyk.

HaloSat Observations of Heliospheric Solar Wind Charge eXchange

X-ray emission from solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) produced in interplanetary space contaminates every astrophysical observation, regardless of the line-of-sight. Unfortunately, the primary SWCX emission lines also happen to be important diagnostics of astrophysical plasmas. Models of SWCX emission are limited by two main uncertainties: the local solar wind fluxes along the line-of-sight, and the charge exchange cross sections. The He cone, a localized density enhancement of helium neutrals, is the only heliospheric SWCX emission feature that is small enough and bright enough to be observationally isolated from the X-ray background and the broader SWCX emission. HaloSat, an X-ray CubeSat mission, has recently completed two series of specialized observations, near and far from the ecliptic plane, during two Earth transits of the He cone. These observations were used to test the predictions of a SWCX emission model against the emission observed at low ecliptic latitudes, where the solar wind data are monitored, and at high ecliptic latitudes, where the solar wind data are extrapolated. The measured SWCX emission for the set of observations near the ecliptic plane were consistent with the line intensities predicted by the model, but were underpredicted for the set of observations at high ecliptic latitude near the south ecliptic pole. Additionally, high temperature Galactic Halo emission components are reported for both spectral sets.

Solar Wind↗

Total X-ray Emission from the LMC Observed with HaloSat

We constrain the LMC’s global parameters by modeling the first soft X-ray (0.4–6.8 keV) observations of the entire Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) produced in a single pointing with moderate spectral resolution by the HaloSat CubeSat. These data are best fit with the sum of two thermal plasma components in collisional ionization equilibrium and a power-law. We find cool (0.210±0.014keV) and hot (0.89±0.14keV) components. The LMC’s total X-ray luminosity is(1.08±0.14)×1039erg s−1.X-ray binaries make up a large fraction of the emission with a luminosity of(6.0±0.8)×1038ergs−1, followed by cool gas from superbubbles, supernovae, and diffuse emission with a luminosity of(3.0±0.3)×1038erg s−1. The hot gas from star formation contributes the smallest fraction, with a luminosity of(1.9±0.5)×1038erg s−1. We estimate the total volume of the cool gas to be between(0.2–1.2)×1010pc3and the hot gas to be between(1.0–5)×107pc3for filling factors off= 1and0.2. These volumes result in a total thermal energy for the cool gas between (1.4–3)×1054ergs for electron densities of 0.017–0.04 cm−3, and a thermal energy for the hot gas between (1.7–4)×1053ergs for electron densities of 0.12–0.3 cm−3. This yields cooling timescales for the cool and hot gas of(1.5–3)×108years and(1.8–6)×107years, respectively

LMC↗

A Disc-Dominated and Clumpy Circumgalactic Medium of the Milky Way Seen in X-Ray Emission

The Milky Way galaxy is surrounded by a circumgalactic medium (CGM) that may play a key role in galaxy evolution as the source of gas for star formation and a repository of metals and energy produced by star formation and nuclear activity. The CGM may also be a repository for baryons seen in the early universe, but undetected locally. The CGM has an ionized component at temperatures near 2 x 10^6 K studied primarily in the soft X-ray band. Here we report a survey of the southern Galactic sky with a soft X-ray spectrometer optimized to study diffuse soft X-ray emission. The X-ray emission is best fit with a disc-like model based on the radial profile of the surface density of molecular hydrogen, a tracer of star formation, suggesting that the X-ray emission is predominantly from hot plasma produced via stellar feedback. Strong variations in the X-ray emission on angular scales of ~10 degrees indicate that the CGM is clumpy. Addition of an extended, and possibly massive, halo component is needed to match the halo density inferred from other observations.

P Kaaret↗