The HIV-1 Env gp120 Inner Domain Shapes the Phe43 Cavity and the CD4 Binding Site
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Ahmed, A..
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will result in ten times higher particle background than measured during the first phase of LHC operation. In order to fully exploit the highly-demanding operating conditions during HL-LHC, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration will use Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector technology. The technology will be integrated into the innermost region of the forward muon spectrometer of CMS as an additional muon station called GE1/1. The primary purpose of this auxiliary station is to help in muon reconstruction and to control level-1 muon trigger rates in the pseudo-rapidity region 1.6 ≤ |η| ≤ 2.2. The new station will contain trapezoidal-shaped GEM detectors called GE1/1 chambers. The design of these chambers is finalized, and the installation is in progress during the Long Shutdown phase two (LS-2) that started in 2019. Several full-size prototypes were built and operated successfully in various test beams at CERN. Here, we describe performance measurements such as gain, efficiency, and time resolution of these prototype chambers, developed after years of R&D, and summarize their behavior in different gas compositions as a function of the applied voltage.
Triple-GEM detector technology was recently selected by CMS for a part of the upgrade of its forward muon detector system as GEM detectors provide a stable operation in the high radiation environment expected during the future High-Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). In a first step, GEM chambers (detectors) will be installed in the innermost muon endcap station in the 1.6<|η|<2.2 pseudo-rapidity region, mainly to control level-1 muon trigger rates after the second LHC Long Shutdown. These new chambers will add redundancy to the muon system in the η-region where the background rates are high, and the bending of the muon trajectories due to the CMS magnetic field is small. A novel construction technique for such chambers has been developed in such a way where foils are mounted onto a single stack and then uniformly stretched mechanically, avoiding the use of spacers and glue inside the active gas volume. We describe the layout, the stretching mechanism and the overall assembly technique of such GEM chambers.
A viewgraph presentation on the technology status and plans for Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer is shown. The topics include: 1) The Navigator Program; 2) TPF-I Project Overview; 3) Project Organization; 4) Technology Plan for TPF-I; 5) TPF-I Testbeds; 6) Nulling Error Budget; 7) Nulling Testbeds; 8) Nulling Requirements; 9) Achromatic Nulling Testbed; 10) Single Mode Spatial Filter Technology; 11) Adaptive Nuller Testbed; 12) TPF-I: Planet Detection Testbed (PDT); 13) Planet Detection Testbed Phase Modulation Experiment; and 14) Formation Control Testbed.
The objective of the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission is to find and characterize earth-like planets orbiting other stars. Three architectural options are under consideration for this mission: a formation-flying interferometer (FFI), a structurally-connected interferometer, and a coronagraph.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The authors provide an overview of the challenges that must be overcome to fully realize the increased science returns that formations engender. The challenges are separated into six categories that span hardware, software and theory. The contribution of this paper is that it clearly delineates each category, listing detailed problems that must be solved.
The StarLight mission is designed to validate the technologies of formation flying and stellar interferometry in space. The mission consists of two spacecraft in an earth-trailing orbit that formation fly over relative ranges of 40 to 600 m to an accuracy of 10 cm.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Robust linear parameter varying (LPV) control design techniques are applied to the attitude control of the X-33, a single-stage to orbit prototype vehicle.
Spaceborne optical interferometry has been identified as a critical technology for many of NASA's 21st century science visions.
This paper discusses the problem of designing a control system for an interferometer delay line which contains coarse-vernier loops. The vernier loop compensator has nonlinear dynamics and includes a local feedback path containing a deadzone.
The Popov criterion is applied to control system analysis and design. Nonlinear dynamic compensators (NDC) are introduced which ensure absolute stability without penalizing the available feedback.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.