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Ardizzone, Joseph

Publications and source records attributed to Ardizzone, Joseph.

Recent Observing System Simulation Experiments at the NASA DAO

Since the advent of meteorological satellites in the 1960's, numerous experiments have been conducted in order t o evaluate the impact of these and other data on atmospheric analysis and prediction. Such studies have included both OSE'S (Observing System Experiments) and OSSE's (Observing System Simulation Experiments). The OSE's were conducted to evaluate the impact of specific observations or classes of observations on analyses and forecasts. Such experiments have been performed for selected types of conventional data and for various satellite data sets as they became avail- able. (See for example the 1989 ECMWF/EUMETSAT workshop proceedings on "The use of satellite data in operational numerical weather prediction" and the references contained therein.) The OSSE's were con- ducted to evaluate the potential for future observing systems to improve Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and to plan for the Global Weather Experiment and more recently for EOS. In addition, OSSE's have been run t o evaluate trade-offs in the design of observing systems and observing net-works, and to test new methodology for data assimilation.

Atlas, Robert↗

Extreme Winter/Early-Spring Temperature Anomalies in Central Europe

Extreme seasonal fluctuations of the surface-air temperature characterize the climate of central Europe, 45-60 deg North Temperature difference between warm 1990 and cold 1996 in the January-March period, persisting for more than two weeks at a time, amounted to 18 C for extensive areas. These anomalies in the surface-air temperature stem in the first place from differences in the low level flow from the eastern North-Atlantic: the value of the Index 1na of southwesterlies over the eastern North-Atlantic was 8.0 m/s in February 1990, but only 2.6 m/ s in February 1996. The primary forcing by warm advection to positive anomalies in monthly mean surface temperature produced strong synoptic-scale uplift at the 700 mb level over some regions in Europe. The strong uplift contributed in 1990 to a much larger cloud-cover over central Europe, which reduced heat-loss to space (greenhouse effect). Thus, spring arrived earlier than usual in 1990, but later than usual in 1996.

Otterman, Joseph↗

Five year global dataset: NMC operational analyses (1978 to 1982)

This document describes procedures used in assembling a five year dataset (1978 to 1982) using NMC Operational Analysis data. These procedures entailed replacing missing and unacceptable data in order to arrive at a complete dataset that is continuous in time. In addition, a subjective assessment on the integrity of all data (both preliminary and final) is presented. Documentation on tapes comprising the Five Year Global Dataset is also included.

Straus, David↗