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Billet, M. L.

Publications and source records attributed to Billet, M. L..

10 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

Experiments on the unsteadiness associated with a ground vortex

The ground vortex formed by a jet impinging on the ground in the presence of a crossflow has been studied experimentally. High speed motion pictures and spectral measurements were obtained to study the unsteady features of this flowfield. A very low-frequency pulsation or 'puffing' instability was observed. Since this unsteadiness could not be correlated with any other oscillations in the flowfield, the low-frequency oscillations must come from the gross features of the ground vortex itself. Namely, jet fluid accumulates in the ground vortex until the vortex is so large that the flowfield breaks up, the ground vortex is swept away, a new smaller vortex forms, and the process repeats itself. Measurements of the frequency of these oscillations are presented for the first time, and data on the vertical extent (height) of the ground vortex are also shown.

Cimbala, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

An analysis of pump cavitation damage

The cavitation assessment for the space shuttle main engine high pressure oxidizer turbopump is documented. A model of the flow through the pump was developed. Initially, a computational procedure was used to analyze the flow through the inlet casing including the prediction of wakes downstream of the casing vanes. From these flow calculations, cavitation patterns on the inducer blades were approximated and the damage rate estimated. The model correlates the heavy damage on the housing and over the inducer with unsteady blade surface cavitation. The unsteady blade surface cavitation is due to the large incidence changes caused by the wakes of the upstream vanes. Very high cavitation damage rates are associated with this type of cavitation. Design recommendations for reducing the unsteady cavitation include removing the set of vanes closest to the inducer and modifying the remaining vanes.

Brophy, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

A study of pump cavitation damage

The cavitation assessment for the space shuttle main engine high pressure oxidizer turbopump is documented. A model of the flow through the pump was developed. Initially, a computational procedure was used to analyze the flow through the inlet casing including the prediction of wakes downstream of the casing vanes. From these flow calculations, cavitation patterns on the inducer blades were approximated and the damage rate estimated. The model correlates the heavy damage on the housing and over the inducer with unsteady blade surface cavitation. The unsteady blade surface cavitation is due to the large incidence changes caused by the wakes of the upstream vanes. Very high cavitation damage rates are associated with this type of cavitation. Design recommendations for reducing the unsteady cavitation include removing the set of vanes closest to the inducer and modifying the remaining vanes.

Brophy, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Tabulation and summary of thermodynamic effects data for developed cavitation on ogive-nosed bodies

Thermodynamic effects data for developed cavitation on zero and quarter caliber ogives in Freon 113 and water are tabulated and summarized. These data include temperature depression (delta T), flow coefficient (C sub Q), and various geometrical characteristics of the cavity. For the delta T tests, the free-stream temperature varied from 35 C to 95 C in Freon 113 and from 60 C to 125 C in water for a velocity range of 19.5 m/sec to 36.6 m/sec. Two correlations of the delta T data by the entrainment method are presented. These correlations involve different combinations of the Nusselt, Reynolds, Froude, Weber, and Peclet numbers and dimensionless cavity length.

Holl, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Correlations of thermodynamic effects for developed cavitation

The net positive suction head (NPSH) requirements for a pump are determined by the combined effects of cavitation, fluid properties, pump geometry, and pump operating point. An important part of this determination is the temperature depression (Delta T). Correlations are presented of the temperature depression for various degrees of developed cavitation on venturis and ogives. These correlations, based on a semi-empirical entrainment theory, express Delta T in terms of the dimensionless numbers of Nusselt, Reynolds, Froude, Weber, and Peclet, and dimensionless cavity length (L/D). The Delta T data were obtained in Freon 114, hydrogen and nitrogen for the venturis and in Freon 113 and water for the ogives.

Billet, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Correlations by the entrainment theory of thermodynamic effects for developed cavitation in venturis and comparisons with ogive data

A semi-empirical entrainment theory was employed to correlate the measured temperature depression, Delta T, in a developed cavity for a venturi. This theory correlates Delta t in terms of the dimensionless numbers of Nusselt, Reynolds, Froude, Weber and Peclet, and dimensionless cavity length, L/D. These correlations are then compared with similar correlations for zero and quarter caliber ogives. In addition, cavitation number data for both limited and developed cavitation in venturis are presented.

Billet, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

The effect of gas diffusion on the flow coefficient for a ventilated cavity

The results of an experimental investigation into the effect of gas diffusion on the volume flow-rate of gas needed to sustain a ventilated cavity are presented. Gas diffusion was found to have a significant effect on the ventilated flow rate required to sustain a cavity of a given size. An analysis for the gas diffusion effect was conducted based on a mathematical model of diffusion proposed by Brennen. The results compare favorably with experimental data. Also, an empirical scaling relationship is proposed for ventilated cavity flows.

Billet, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Thermodynamic effects on developed cavitation

The results of an investigation of thermodynamic effects are presented. Distributions of temperature and pressure in a developed cavity were measured for zero- and quarter-caliber ogives. A semiempirical entrainment theory was developed to correlate the measured temperature depression in the cavity. This theory correlates the maximum temperature depression expressed in dimensionless form as the Jakob number in terms of the dimensionless numbers of Nusselt, Reynolds, Froude, and Peclet, and dimensionless cavity length, L/D. The results show that in general, the temperature depression increases with L/D and temperature and the cavitation number based on measured cavity pressure is a function of L/D for a given model contour, independent of the thermodynamic effect.

Holl, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Limited cavitation and the related scale effects problem.

It is indicated that the study of limited cavitation can be divided into two parts, namely, the factors which influence the pressure field, and those which influence the bubble dynamics. Major aspects of cavitation nuclei and bubble dynamics are summarized. An analysis is presented of the effects of velocity, size and fluid properties, including the thermodynamic effect. The effects of turbulence, roughness and polymer additives are presented. These include new data on roughness and estimates of the effects of turbulence and polymer additives on jets. An analysis of nonvaporous cavitation with new data on vortex cavitation is presented. Implications concerning scale effects are given.

Holl, J. W.↗