Bose, Ashim | Search NASA

NASA NTRS1995

A rule-based shell to hierarchically organize HST observations

An observing program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is described in terms of exposures that are obtained by one or more of the instruments onboard the HST. These exposures are organized into a hierarchy of structures for purposes of efficient scheduling of observations. The process by which exposures get organized into the higher-level structures is called merging. This process relies on rules to determine which observations can be 'merged' into the same higher level structure, and which cannot. The TRANSformation expert system converts proposals for astronomical observations with HST into detailed observing plans. The conversion process includes the task of merging. Within TRANS, we have implemented a declarative shell to facilitate merging. This shell offers the following features: (1) an easy way of specifying rules on when to merge and when not to merge, (2) a straightforward priority mechanism for resolving conflicts among rules, (3) an explanation facility for recording the merging history, (4) a report generating mechanism to help users understand the reasons for merging, and (5) a self-documenting mechanism that documents all the merging rules that have been defined in the shell, ordered by priority. The merging shell is implemented using an object-oriented paradigm in CLOS. It has been a part of operational TRANS (after extensive testing) since July 1993. It has fulfilled all performance expectations, and has considerably simplified the process of implementing new or changed requirements for merging. The users are pleased with its report-generating and self-documenting features.

Bose, Ashim↗

NASA NTRS1994

Propagating orientation constraints for the Hubble Space Telescope

An observing program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is described in terms of exposures that are obtained by one or more of the instruments onboard the HST. Many requested exposures might specify orientation requirements and accompanying ranges. Orientation refers to the amount of roll (in degrees) about the line of sight. The range give the permissible tolerance (also in degrees). These requirements may be (1) absolute (in relation to the celestial coordinate system), (2) relative to the nominal roll angle for HST during that exposure, or (3) relative (in relation to other exposures in the observing program). The TRANSformation expert system converts proposals for astronomical observations with HST into detailed observing plans. Part of the conversion involves grouping exposures into higher level structures based on exposure characteristics. Exposures constrained to be at different orientations cannot be grouped together. Because relative orientation requirements cause implicit constraints, orientation constraints have to be propagated. TRANS must also identify any inconsistencies that may exist so they can be corrected. We have designed and implemented an orientation constraint propagator as part of TRANS. The propagator is based on an informal algebra that facilitates the setting up and propagation of the orientation constraints. The constraint propagator generates constraints between directly related exposures, and propagates derived constraints between exposures that are related indirectly. It provides facilities for path-consistency checking, identification of unsatisfiable constraints, and querying of orientation relationships. The system has been successfully operational as part of TRANS for over seven months. The solution has particular significance to space applications in which satellite/telescope pointing and attitude are constrained and relationships exist between multiple configurations.

Bose, Ashim↗