Test of local realism via entangled $$\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$$ system
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Chelkov, G.
Publications and source records attributed to Chelkov, G..
Observation of the W -Annihilation Process D s + → ω ρ + and Measurement of D s + → ϕ ρ + in D s + → π + π + π − π 0 π 0 Decays
We present the first amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of the decay D s + → π + π + π − π 0 π 0 , using e + e − collision data collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33 fb − 1 , and report the first observation of the pure W -annihilation decay D s + → ω ρ + with a branching fraction of ( 0.99 ± 0.0 8 stat − 0.07 + 0.05 syst ) % . In comparison to the low significance of the D wave in the decay D s + → ϕ ρ + , the dominance of the D wave over the S and P waves, with a fraction of ( 51.85 ± 7.2 8 stat − 7.90 + 4.83 syst ) % observed in the decay D s + → ω ρ + , provides crucial information for the “polarization puzzle,” as well as for the understanding of charm meson decays. The branching fraction of D s + → π + π + π − π 0 π 0 is measured to be ( 4.41 ± 0.1 5 stat ± 0.1 3 syst ) % . Moreover, the branching fraction of D s + → ϕ ρ + is measured to be ( 3.98 ± 0.3 3 stat − 0.19 + 0.21 syst ) % , and the R ϕ = B ( ϕ → π + π − π 0 ) / B ( ϕ → K + K − ) is determined to be ( 0.222 ± 0.01 9 stat − 0.016 + 0.016 syst ), which is consistent with the previous measurement based on charm meson decays, but deviates from the results from e + e − annihilation and K − N scattering experiments by more than 3 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Measurement of the branching fractions of D + → K + K − π + π + π − , ϕ π + π + π − , K S 0 K + π + π − π 0 , K S 0 K + η , and K S 0 K + ω decays
Using 20.3 fb − 1 of e + e − collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the branching fractions of three hadronic charm meson decays, D + → ϕ π + π + π − , D + → K S 0 K + π + π − π 0 , and D + → K S 0 K + ω , are measured for the first time to be ( 0.54 ± 0.19 ± 0.02 ) × 10 − 4 , ( 2.51 ± 0.34 ± 0.14 ) × 10 − 4 , and ( 2.02 ± 0.35 ± 0.10 ) × 10 − 4 , respectively. Futhermore, the branching fractions of D + → K + K − π + π + π − and D + → K S 0 K + η are measured with improved precision, yielding values of ( 0.66 ± 0.11 ± 0.03 ) × 10 − 4 and ( 2.27 ± 0.22 ± 0.05 ) × 10 − 4 , respectively. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Observation of the decay ψ ( 3686 ) → Σ 0 Σ ¯ 0 ω
Using a dataset of ( 27.12 ± 0.14 ) × 10 8 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we report the first observation of the decay ψ ( 3686 ) → Σ 0 Σ ¯ 0 ω with a statistical significance of 8.9 σ . The measured branching fraction is ( 1.24 ± 0.1 6 stat ± 0.1 1 sys ) × 10 − 5 , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Additionally, we investigate potential intermediate states in the invariant mass distributions of Σ 0 ω , Σ ¯ 0 ω and Σ 0 Σ ¯ 0 . A hint of a resonance is observed in the invariant mass distribution of M Σ 0 ( Σ ¯ 0 ) ω , located around 2.06 GeV / c 2 , with a significance of 2.5 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Observation of an Axial-Vector State in the Study of the Decay ψ ( 3686 ) → ϕ η η ′
Using ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, a partial wave analysis of the decay ψ ( 3686 ) → ϕ η η ′ is performed with the covariant tensor approach. In addition to the established states h 1 ( 1900 ) and ϕ ( 2170 ) , an axial-vector state with a mass near 2.3 GeV / c 2 is observed for the first time. Its mass and width are measured to be 2316 ± 9 stat ± 3 0 syst MeV / c 2 and 89 ± 1 5 stat ± 2 6 syst MeV , respectively. The product branching fractions of B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → X ( 2300 ) η ′ ] B [ X ( 2300 ) → ϕ η ] and B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → X ( 2300 ) η ] B [ X ( 2300 ) → ϕ η ′ ] are determined to be ( 4.8 ± 1.3 stat ± 0.7 syst ) × 10 − 6 and ( 2.2 ± 0.7 stat ± 0.7 syst ) × 10 − 6 , respectively. The branching fraction B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → ϕ η η ′ ] is measured for the first time to be ( 3.14 ± 0.1 7 stat ± 0.2 4 syst ) × 10 − 5 . The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Study of the light scalar a 0 ( 980 ) through the decay D 0 → a 0 ( 980 ) − e + ν e with a 0 ( 980 ) − → η π −
Using 7.93 fb − 1 of e + e − collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we present an analysis of the decay D 0 → η π − e + ν e . The branching fraction of the decay D 0 → a 0 ( 980 ) − e + ν e with a 0 ( 980 ) − → η π − is measured to be ( 0.86 ± 0.1 7 stat ± 0.0 5 syst ) × 10 − 4 . The decay dynamics of this process is studied with a single-pole parametrization of the hadronic form factor and the Flatté formula describing the a 0 ( 980 ) line shape in the differential decay rate. The product of the form factor f + a 0 ( 0 ) and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element | V c d | is determined for the first time with the result f + a 0 ( 0 ) | V c d | = 0.126 ± 0.01 3 stat ± 0.00 3 syst . Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Observation of the Charmonium Decay η c → γ γ in J / ψ → γ η c
Using ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the decay η c → γ γ in J / ψ → γ η c is observed. We determine the product branching fraction B ( J / ψ → γ η c ) × B ( η c → γ γ ) = ( 5.23 ± 0.2 6 stat ± 0.3 0 syst ) × 10 − 6 . This result is consistent with the lattice QCD calculation ( 5.34 ± 0.16 ) × 10 − 6 from HPQCD in 2023. By using the world-average values of B ( J / ψ → γ η c ) and the total decay width of η c , the partial decay width Γ ( η c → γ γ ) is determined to be ( 11.30 ± 0.5 6 stat ± 0.6 6 syst ± 1.1 4 ref ) keV , which deviates from the corresponding world-average value by 3.4 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Observation of D → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) μ + ν μ and test of lepton flavor universality with D → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) ℓ + ν ℓ
By analyzing 7.93 fb − 1 of e + e − collision data collected at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider, we report the observation of the semimuonic decays of D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 μ + ν μ and D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − μ + ν μ with statistical significances of 12.5 σ and 6.0 σ , respectively. Their decay branching fractions are determined to be B [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 μ + ν μ ] = ( 2.36 ± 0.2 0 − 0.27 + 0.18 ± 0.48 ) × 10 − 3 and B [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − μ + ν μ ] = ( 0.78 ± 0.1 1 − 0.09 + 0.05 ± 0.15 ) × 10 − 3 , where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively, and the third originates from the input branching fraction of K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 → K − π + π 0 or K 1 ( 1270 ) − → K − π + π − . Combining our branching fractions with the previous measurements of B [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 e + ν e ] and B [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − e + ν e ] , we determine the branching fraction ratios to be B [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 μ + ν μ ] / B [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 e + ν e ] = 1.03 ± 0.14 − 0.15 + 0.11 and B [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − μ + ν μ ] / B [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − e + ν e ] = 0.74 ± 0.13 − 0.13 + 0.08 . Using the branching fractions measured in this work and the world-average lifetimes of the D + and D 0 mesons, we determine the semimuonic partial decay width ratio to be Γ [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 μ + ν μ ] / Γ [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − μ + ν μ ] = 1.22 ± 0.10 − 0.09 + 0.06 , which is consistent with unity as predicted by isospin conservation. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Study of η → π + π − l + l −
Using a sample of ( 10087 ± 44 ) × 10 6 J / ψ events accumulated with the BESIII detector, we analyze the decays η → π + π − l + l − ( l = e or μ ) via the process J / ψ → γ η . The branching fraction of η → π + π − e + e − is measured to be B ( η → π + π − e + e − ) = ( 3.07 ± 0.1 2 stat ± 0.1 9 syst ) × 10 − 4 . No signal events are observed for the η → π + π − μ + μ − decay, leading to an upper limit on the branching fraction of B ( η → π + π − μ + μ − ) < 4.0 × 10 − 7 at the 90% confidence level. Furthermore, the C P -violation asymmetry parameter is found to be A C P ( η → π + π − e + e − ) = ( − 4.04 ± 4.6 9 stat ± 0.1 4 syst ) % , showing no evidence of C P -violation with current statistics. Additionally, we extract the transition form factor from the decay amplitude of η → π + π − e + e − . Finally, axionlike particles are searched for via the decay η → π + π − a , a → e + e − , and upper limits on this branching fraction relative to that of η → π + π − e + e − are presented as a function of the axionlike particle mass in the range 5 – 200 MeV / c 2 . Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Evidence for Two Excited Ω − Hyperons
Using e + e − collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19 fb − 1 collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.13 to 4.70 GeV, we report the first evidence for a new excited Ω − hyperon, the Ω ( 2109 ) − , through the process e + e − → Ω ( 2109 ) − Ω ¯ + + c . c . with a significance of 4.1 σ . The mass and width of Ω ( 2109 ) − are measured to be 2108.5 ± 5.2 stat ± 0.9 syst MeV / c 2 and 18.3 ± 16.4 stat ± 5.7 syst MeV , respectively. We also present evidence for a new production mechanism for the previously identified Ω ( 2012 ) − via the process e + e − → Ω ( 2012 ) − Ω ¯ + + c . c . with a significance of 3.5 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Search for η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − and measurement of χ c J → p p ¯ K + K − in ψ ( 3686 ) radiative decays
A search for η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − , together with measurement of branching fractions of χ c J ( J = 0 , 1 , 2 ) → p p ¯ K + K − in the ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) and the ψ ( 3686 ) → γ χ c J radiative decays, is performed with ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. An evidence for η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − is found, with a significance of 3.3 σ . The product branching fraction of B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) ] · B [ η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − ] is determined to be ( 1.98 ± 0.4 1 stat ± 0.9 9 syst ) × 10 − 7 . The product branching fractions of B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → γ χ c J ] · B [ χ c J → p p ¯ K + K − ] are measured to be ( 2.49 ± 0.0 3 stat ± 0.1 5 syst ) × 10 − 5 , ( 1.83 ± 0.0 2 stat ± 0.1 1 syst ) × 10 − 5 , and ( 2.43 ± 0.0 2 stat ± 0.1 5 syst ) × 10 − 5 , for J = 0 , 1, and 2, respectively. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Observation of η c ( 1 S , 2 S ) and χ c J decays to 2 ( π + π − ) η via ψ ( 3686 ) radiative transitions
Based on ( 2712.4 ± 14.1 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) decays collected with the BESIII detector, we have observed, for the first time, the hadronic decays of S- and P-wave charmonium states into 2 ( π + π − ) η via radiative transitions from ψ ( 3686 ) . The branching fraction of the decay η c ( 1 S ) → 2 ( π + π − ) η has a significant dependence on the interference pattern between η c ( 1 S ) and non- η c ( 1 S ) processes. We measure it in both the destructive and constructive interference scenarios for the first time. The mass and width of the η c ( 1 S ) are measured to be M = ( 2984.14 ± 0.13 ± 0.38 ) MeV / c 2 and Γ = ( 28.82 ± 0.11 ± 0.82 ) MeV , respectively. Clear signals for the decays of the χ c J ( J = 0 , 1 , 2 ) and the η c ( 2 S ) to 2 ( π + π − ) η are also observed for the first time, and the corresponding branching fractions are measured. The ratio of the branching fractions between the η c ( 2 S ) and η c ( 1 S ) decays is significantly lower than the theoretical prediction, which might suggest different dynamics in their decays. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Search for Λ − Λ ¯ oscillation in J / ψ → Λ Λ ¯ decay
Using ( 10087 ± 44 ) × 10 6 J / ψ decays collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for baryon number violation via Λ − Λ ¯ oscillation in the decay J / ψ → Λ Λ ¯ . No evidence for Λ − Λ ¯ oscillation is observed. The upper limit on the time-integrated probability of Λ − Λ ¯ oscillation is estimated to be 1.4 × 10 − 6 , corresponding to an oscillation parameter less than 2.1 × 10 − 18 GeV at 90% confidence level. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Measurement of the inclusive cross sections of prompt J / ψ and ψ ( 3686 ) production in e + e − annihilation from s = 3.808 to 4.951 GeV
The inclusive cross sections of prompt J / ψ and ψ ( 3686 ) production are measured at center-of-mass energies from 3.808 to 4.951 GeV. The dataset used is 22 fb − 1 of e + e − annihilation data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. The results obtained are in agreement with the previous BESIII measurements of exclusive J / ψ and ψ ( 3686 ) production. The average values obtained for the cross sections measured in the center-of-mass energy ranges from 4.527 to 4.951 GeV for J / ψ and from 4.843 to 4.951 GeV for ψ ( 3686 ) , where the impact of known resonances is negligible, are 14.0 ± 1.7 ± 3.1 pb and 15.3 ± 3.0 pb , respectively. For J / ψ , the first and the second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. For ψ ( 3686 ) , the uncertainty is total. These values are useful for testing charmonium production models. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Observation of D + → η ′ μ + ν μ and First Experimental Study of D + → η ′ ℓ + ν ℓ Decay Dynamics
Using 20.3 fb − 1 of e + e − collision data collected at the center-of-mass energy 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the first observation of the semileptonic decay D + → η ′ μ + ν μ with significance of 8.6 σ including systematic uncertainties, and an improved measurement of D + → η ′ e + ν e . The branching fractions of D + → η ′ μ + ν μ and D + → η ′ e + ν e are determined to be ( 1.92 ± 0.2 8 stat ± 0.0 8 syst ) × 10 − 4 and ( 1.79 ± 0.1 9 stat ± 0.0 7 syst ) × 10 − 4 , respectively. The ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be R μ / e = 1.07 ± 0.1 9 stat ± 0.0 3 syst , which agrees with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within the standard model. From an analysis of the D + → η ′ ℓ + ν ℓ decay dynamics, the product of the hadronic form factor f + η ′ ( 0 ) and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element | V c d | is measured for the first time, giving f + η ′ ( 0 ) | V c d | = ( 5.92 ± 0.5 6 stat ± 0.1 3 syst ) × 10 − 2 . The η − η ′ mixing angle in the quark flavor basis is determined to be ϕ P = ( 39.8 ± 0.8 stat ± 0.3 syst ) ° . Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λ c + → p π 0
Utilizing 4.5 fb − 1 of e + e − annihilation data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV, the first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λ c + → p π 0 is presented, with a statistical significance of 5.4 σ . The ratio of the branching fractions of Λ c + → p π 0 and Λ c + → p η is measured as B ( Λ c + → p π 0 ) / B ( Λ c + → p η ) = ( 0.120 ± 0.02 6 stat ± 0.00 7 syst ) . This result resolves the longstanding discrepancy between earlier experimental searches, providing both a decisive conclusion and valuable input for QCD-inspired theoretical models. A sophisticated deep learning approach using a Transformer-based architecture is employed to distinguish the signal from the prevalent hadronic backgrounds, complemented by thorough validation and systematic uncertainty quantification. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Partial wave analyses of ψ ( 3686 ) → p p ¯ π 0 and ψ ( 3686 ) → p p ¯ η
Using a sample of ( 2712 ± 14 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector, we perform partial wave analyses of the decays ψ ( 3686 ) → p p ¯ π 0 and ψ ( 3686 ) → p p ¯ η . The branching fractions of ψ ( 3686 ) → p p ¯ π 0 and ψ ( 3686 ) → p p ¯ η are determined to be ( 133.9 ± 11.2 ± 2.3 ) × 10 − 6 or ( 183.7 ± 13.7 ± 3.2 ) × 10 − 6 and ( 61.5 ± 6.5 ± 1.1 ) × 10 − 6 or ( 84.4 ± 6.9 ± 1.4 ) × 10 − 6 , respectively, where the two solutions are caused by an ambiguous phase angle between resonant and continuum processes. Several well-established N * states are observed in the p π 0 and p η systems, and the corresponding branching fractions are measured. The ratio of decay widths Γ N ( 1535 ) → N η / Γ N ( 1535 ) → N π is determined to be 0.99 ± 0.05 ± 0.19 . Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗
Search for η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω and ω ϕ and measurements of χ c J → ω ω and ω ϕ in ψ ( 2 S ) radiative processes
Using ( 2712 ± 14 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 2 S ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the decays η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω and η c ( 2 S ) → ω ϕ via the process ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) . No statistically significant signals are observed. The upper limits of their product branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be B ( ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) , η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω ) < 1.04 × 10 − 6 and B ( ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) , η c ( 2 S ) → ω ϕ ) < 1.85 × 10 − 7 , respectively. We also update the branching fractions of χ c J → ω ω and χ c J → ω ϕ via the ψ ( 2 S ) → γ χ c J transition. Their branching fractions are determined to be B ( χ c 0 → ω ω ) = ( 10.66 ± 0.11 ± 0.57 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 1 → ω ω ) = ( 6.43 ± 0.07 ± 0.31 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 2 → ω ω ) = ( 8.75 ± 0.08 ± 0.42 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 0 → ω ϕ ) = ( 1.18 ± 0.03 ± 0.07 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 1 → ω ϕ ) = ( 2.04 ± 0.15 ± 0.11 ) × 10 − 5 , and B ( χ c 2 → ω ϕ ) = ( 9.58 ± 1.07 ± 0.76 ) × 10 − 6 , where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Ablikim, M.↗