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Dettmar, Ralf-Juergen

Publications and source records attributed to Dettmar, Ralf-Juergen.

The multicomponent structure of bulges

The morphology of disk galaxies is usually described by two major components, the centrally concentrated spheroidal component, called the bulge, and an oblate disk. The ratio of there contribution to the total luminosity - the bulge-to-disk ratio - is one of the parameters characterizing the Hubble sequence. Following de Vaucouleurs (1948), for most galaxies the radial distribution of the outer spheroid is fairly well described by the r exp 1/4 law I(r)=I(sub 0) exp(-(alpha)r), whereas the radial luminosity distribution of the disk follows an exponential law: I(r)=I(sub 0) exp(-alpha(r exp 1/4)) (Freeman 1970), with r the radial distance from the center. I(sub 0) and alpha are characteristic constants for each individual galaxy. Parameters for the structural properties of these components give important constraints for models of the formation and evolution of galaxies. Therefore we have tried to decompose disk and bulge components from high S/N CCD observations of a sample of edge-on disk galaxies. A common procedure for the decomposition is to model one component in a region where it dominates and subtract it from the combined light distribution. This technique was successfully carried out e.g. by van der Kruit & Earl (1981, 1982) and Wakamatsu & Hamabe (1984, 1989). Here we present two more examples of bulge-dominated edge-on SO galaxies, namely ESO 506-G33 and NGC 7123, which show an additional small and concentrated central component besides disk and 'bulge'.

Dettmar, Ralf-Juergen↗

Declining rotation curves in interacting galaxies

A declining rotation curve was recently found for the galaxy NGC 3521 by HI synthesis telescope observations (Casertano and van Gorkom 1991). From a comparison of the shapes of rotation curves for a larger sample of galaxies Casertano and van Gorkom argue that this is due to initial properties during the phase of galaxy formation. In several studies of global properties of galaxies, NGC 3521 was always considered a 'normal' unbarred, non-interacting, isolated spiral. However, we present CCD surface photometry that shows at low surface brightness levels the typical signs of interaction or even merging.

Dettmar, Ralf-Juergen↗

Observations of CO in the Magellanic irregular galaxy NGC 55

The content of molecular gas in galaxies, mainly H2, is one of the key observations necessary for the understanding of star formation processes and history. As the CO molecule is the most widely distributed molecule after H2 and has easily observable mm lines, it is used as a tracer for the molecular gas. CO was detected towards the direction where the H alpha and 6 cm radio continuum emission is strongest (Hummel et al. 1986). Here, researchers present the Gaussian line parameters in tabular form. The distribution of CO corresponds well with the intense HI cloud near the bar of NGC 55. The extent of the CO cloud is about 975 pc perpendicular to the major axis. As the radio continuum and the H alpha emission also peaks in this region, it is most probably associated with the star forming region in NGC 55. Assuming that the molecular gas is in virial equilibrium, researchers derive a mass of about 8 times 10(exp 7) solar magnitude. The molecular mass found indicates that the conversion factor for the molecular mass in Irr galaxies as inferred from CO line emission is indeed higher by up to a factor of 20 compared to the canonical value for the Galaxy.

Heithausen, Andreas↗

The diffuse ionized interstellar medium perpendicular to the plane of NGC 891

In an attempt to study the structure and the properties of the diffuse ionized interstellar medium perpendicular to the plane of disk galaxies researchers obtained H alpha images and spectra of NGC 891. Perhaps the most remarkable property of the H alpha emission line in NGC 891 is its extension out of the plane of the galaxy: researchers are able to measure the H alpha line out to more than 30 seconds (1.4 kpc) from the midplane. This means that the ionized hydrogen extends at least four times higher than the neutral hydrogen layer. An anomalously large scale-height for the ionized gas of approx. equals 1 kpc is also found in the Milky Way. The echelle spectra show a changing ratio of NII to H alpha. This excludes the possibility that the large scaleheight of the emission is due to scattering of disk emission by dust high above the plane. The z-extent of the H alpha emission is confirmed by the imaging result. The large z-extent of the ionized gas is confined to the inner half of the visible disk. In this inner region the H alpha distribution also shows a filamentary structure of the diffuse ionized medium. These filaments, sticking out of the plane, originate in HII regions in the plane. The H alpha image also shows a large scale asymmetry if the NE and SW parts of the disk are compared. The NE part is more prominent and extended in H alpha. The same asymmetry is also seen in the radio continuum distribution. This correlation between the diffuse ionized medium and the distribution of relativistic electrons is one example of a relation between star formation processes in the disk and the various components of the halo. Thermal filaments or spurs which are related to HII regions are also known in the Galaxy. These filamentary structures perpendicular to the galactic planes may represent the chimneys which result in the supernova dominated model of the Interstellar Medium by Norman and Ikeuchi (1989).

Dettmar, Ralf-Juergen↗

Observations of extended and counterrotating disks of ionized gas in S0 galaxies

While many E/S0 galaxies have been found to show emission line spectra in their nuclear regions, the question of the presence and nature of extended disks of ionized gas in these galaxies has been addressed only in recent years. Typically the ionized gas is detected in the inner region on a scale of approx. 1 kpc (e.g., Phillips et al. 1986, Caldwell 1984). Here researchers present evidence that the disks of ionized gas of at least some S0 galaxies are much more extended than previously believed. In addition, with the detection of the counterrotation of gas and stars in NGC 7007 they strengthen the basis for arguments that the source of gas in S0 galaxies is external

Dettmar, Ralf-Juergen↗