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Ebert, L. J.

Publications and source records attributed to Ebert, L. J..

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

The development of gamma-gamma-prime lamellar structures in a nickel-base superalloy during elevated temperature mechanical testing

The kinetics of the formation and subsequent development of the directional coarsening of the gamma-prime precipitate in model Ni-Al-Mo-Ta superalloy single crystals are examined during tensile creep under various stress levels at 982 and 1038 C. Special attention is given to the gamma and gamma-prime relation to creep time and strain in order to trace the changing gamma-gamma-prime morphology. Directional coarsening of gamma-prime is found to begin during primary creep and its rate is shown to increase with an increase in temperature or stress level. The length of gamma-prime thickness increased linearly with time up to a plateau reached after the onset of steady state creep. The raft thickness, equal to the gamma-prime size, remained constant at this initial value up through the onset of the tertiary creep. The interlaminar spacing indicates the stability of directionally coarsened structure.

Mackay, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The influence of cobalt, tantalum, and tungsten on the microstructure of single crystal nickel-base superalloys

The influence of composition on the microstructure of single crystal nickel-base superalloys was investigated. Co was replaced by Ni, and Ta was replaced by either Ni or W, according to a matrix of compositions based on MAR-M247. Substitution of Ni for Co caused an increase in gamma-prime solvus temperature, an increase in gamma-gamma-prime lattice mismatch, and the precipitation of W-rich phases in the alloys with high refractory metal levels. Substitution of Ni for Ta caused large decreases in gamma-prime solvus temperature, gamma-prime volume fraction, and gamma-gamma-prime lattice mismatch, whereas substitution of W for Ta resulted in smaller decreases in these features. For the alloys with gamma-prime particles that remained coherent, substitution of Ni for Co caused an increase in gamma-prime coarsening rate. The two alloys with the largest magnitude of lattice mismatch possessed gamma-prime particles which lost coherency during unstressed aging and exhibited anomalously low coarsening rates. Creep exposure at 1000 C resulted in the formation of gamma-prime lamellae oriented perpendicular to the applied stress axis in all alloys.

Nathal, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The influence of cobalt, tantalum, and tungsten on the elevated temperature mechanical properties of single crystal nickel-base superalloys

The influence of composition on the tensile and creep strength of 001-line oriented nickel-base superalloy single crystals at temperatures near 1000 C was investigated. Cobalt, tantalum, and tungsten concentrations were varied according to a matrix of compositions based on the single crystal version of MAR-M247. For alloys with the baseline refractory metal level of 3 wt pct Ta and 10 wt pct W, decreases in Co level from 10 to 0 wt pct resulted in increased tensile and creep strength. Substitution of 2 wt pct W for 3 wt pct Ta resulted in decreased creep life at high stresses, but improved life at low stresses. Substitution of Ni for Ta caused large reductions in tensile strength and creep resistance, and corresponding increases in ductility. For these alloys with low Ta-plus-W totals, strength was independent of Co level. The effects of composition on properties were related to the microstructural features of the alloys. In general, high creep strength was associated with high levels of gamma-prime volume fraction, gamma-gamma-prime lattice mismatch, and solid solution hardening.

Nathal, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Elevated temperature creep-rupture behavior of the single crystal nickel-base superalloy NASAIR 100

The creep and rupture behavior of 001-line-oriented single crystals of the nickel-base superalloy NASAIR 100 was investigated at temperatures of 925 and 1000 C. In the stress and temperature ranges studied, the steady state creep rate, time to failure, time to the onset of secondary creep, and the time to the onset of tertiary creep all exhibited power law dependencies on the applied stress. The creep rate exponents for this alloy were between seven and eight, and the modulus-corrected activation energy for creep was approximately 350 kjoule/mole, which was comparable to the measured activation energy for Ostwald ripening of the gamma-prime precipitates. Oriented gamma-prime coarsening to form lamellae perpendicular to the applied stress was very prominent during creep. At 1000 C, the formation of a continuous gamma-gamma-prime lamellar structure was completed during the primary creep stage. Shear through the gamma-gamma-prime interface is considerd to be the rate limiting step in the deformation process. Gradual thickening of the lamellae appeared to be the cause of the onset of tertiary creep. At 925 C, the fully developed lamellar structure was not achieved until the secondary or tertiary creep stages. At this temperature, the gamma-gamma-prime lamellar structure did not appear to be as beneficial for creep resistance as at the higher temperature.

Nathal, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Factors which influence directional coarsening of Gamma prime during creep in nickel-base superalloy single crystals

Changes in the morphology of the gamma prime precipitate were examined as a function of time during creep at 982 C in 001 oriented single crystals of a Ni-Al-Mo-Ta superalloy. In this alloy, which has a large negative misfit of -0.80 pct., the gamma prime particles link together during creep to form platelets, or rafts, which are aligned with their broad faces perpendicular to the applied tensile axis. The effects of initial microstructure and alloy composition of raft development and creep properties were investigated. Directional coarsening of gamma prime begins during primary creep and continues well after the onset of second state creep. The thickness of the rafts remains constant up through the onset of tertiary creep a clear indication of the stability of the finely-spaced gamma/gamma prime lamellar structure. The thickness of the rafts which formed was equal to the initial gamma prime size which was present prior to testing. The single crystals with the finest gamma prime size exhibited the longest creep lives, because the resultant rafted structure had a larger number of gamma/gamma prime interfaces per unit volume of material. Reducing the Mo content by only 0.73 wt. pct. increased the creep life by a factor of three, because the precipitation of a third phase was eliminated.

Mackay, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Influence of composition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a nickel-base superalloy single crystal

The effects of cobalt, tantalum, and tungsten contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of single crystal Mar-M247 were investigated. Elevated temperature tensile and creep-rupture properties of 001 oriented single crystals were related to microstructural features of the alloys. Substitution of Ni for Co in the high refractory metal alloys increased the lattice mismatch, which was considered to be the cause of the increases in tensile and creep strength. Substitution of Ni for Ta caused large decreases in tensile strength and creep life, consistent with decreases in gamma prime volume fraction, lattice mismatch, and solid solution hardening. Substitution of W for Ta resulted in decreased life at high stresses, which was related to small decreases in mismatch and volume fraction. However, the W substitution resulted in improved life at low stresses, which was related to solid solution strengthening by W.

Nathal, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Influence of composition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a nickel-base superalloy single crystal

The effects of cobalt, tantaium, and tungsten contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of single crystal Mar-M247 were investigated. Elevated temperature tensile and creep-rupture properties of 001 oriented single crystals were related to microstructural features of the alloys. Substitution of Ni for Co in the high refractory metal alloys increased the lattice mismatch, which was considered to be the cause of the increases in tensile and creep strength. Substitution of Ni for Ta caused large decreases in tensile strength and creep life, consistent with decreases in gamma prime volume fraction, lattice mismatch, and solid solution hardening. Substitution of W for Ta resulted in decreased life at high stresses, which was related to small decreases in mismatch and volume fraction. However, the W substitution resulted in improved life at low stresses, which was related to solid solution strengthening by W.

Nathal, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Factors which influence directional coarsening of gamma-prime during creep in nickel-base superalloy single crystals

Changes in the morphology of the gamma prime precipitate were examined as a function of the time during creep at 982 C in 001 oriented single crystals of a Ni-Al-Mo-Ta superalloy. In this alloy, which has a large negative misfit of -0.80 pct., the gamma prime particles link together during creep to form platelets, or rafts, which are aligned with their broad faces perpendicular to the applied tensile axis. The effects of initial microstructure and alloy composition of raft development and creep properties were investigated. Directional coarsening of gamma prime begins during primary creep and continues well after the onset of second state creep. The thickness of the rafts remains constant up through the onset of tertiary creep, a clear indication of the stability of the finely-spaced gamma/gamma prime lamellar structure. The thickness of the rafts which formed was equal to the initial gamma prime size which was present prior to testing. The single crystals with the finest gamma prime size exhibited the longest creep lives, because the resultant rafted structure had a larger number of gamma/gamma prime interfaces per unit volume of material. Reducing the Mo content by only 0.73 wt. pct. increased the creep life by a factor of three, because the precipitation of a third phase was eliminated.

Mackay, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The development of directional coarsening of the gamma-prime precipitate in superalloy single crystals

A study has been made of the kinetics of the directional coarsening of the gamma-prime precipitates in Ni-5.8Al-14.6Mo-6.2Ta single crystals during creep at 982 C. In this alloy, which is characterized by a large negative lattice misfit between the gamma-prime precipitate and the gamma matrix, the formation of gamma-prime rafts begins during primary creep, and the rafts grow in length as the deformation proceeds into steady-state creep. After that, the length of the rafts stabilizes. The thickness of the rafts remains constant from primary up to tertiary creep. The directional coarsening behavior of the alloy studied is similar to that of a more conventional single-crystal superalloy having a substantially smaller negative misfit.

Mackay, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Gamma prime shape changes during creep of a nickel-base superalloy

Changes in the shape of the gamma-prime phase in the single-crystal nickel base alloy NASAIR 100 during tensile and compressive creep have been investigated experimentally by Laue X-ray diffractometry. It is found that under tensile loading, gamma-prime changes from the initial cubic shape to plates perpendicular to the applied stress. This change occurs during primary creep at 1000 C, 148 MPa. Prolonged creep exposures result in a thickening of the gamma-prime plates that is similar to Ostwald ripening often observed in other superalloys during creep. Under compressive loading, two sets of gamma-prime plates parallel to the applied stress are formed.

Nathal, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The influence of cobalt on the microstructure of the nickel-base superalloy MAR-M247

Nickel was substituted for Co to produce 0, 5, and the standard 10% versions of MAR-M247, a cast nickel-base superalloy. The microstructures of the alloys were examined in as-cast, heat treated, aged, and stress-rupture tested conditions using a variety of metallographic techniques and differential thermal analysis. As cobalt concentration was reduced from 10 to 0 wt %, the gamma-prime weight fraction decreased from 59 to 41%; W and Ti concentrations in the gamma-prime phase increased from 5 to 8 and 2 to 3 at.%, respectively; the mean gamma-prime particle size increased from 0.6 to 0.8 micron; Cr and Al concentrations in the gamma matrix decreased from 17 to 13 and 15 to 12 at.%, respectively; and the weight fraction of carbides increased by approximately 1%.

Nathal, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Influence of cobalt, tantalum, and tungsten on the microstructure and mechanical properties of superalloy single crystals

The influence of Co, Ta, and W on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel base super-alloy single crystals was investigated. A matrix of alloys was based on Mar-M 247 stripped of C, B, Zr, and Hf. The microstructures of the alloys were examined using optical and electron microscopy, phase extraction, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. Tensile and creep-rupture tests were performed at 1000 C. An increase in tensile and creep strength resulted when Co was removed from alloys containing high refractory metal contents, but Co effects were negligible for alloys with lower refractory metal levels. In the composition range studied, W was more effective than Ta in increasing the creep resistance. The mechanical properties are discussed in relation to the microstructures of the alloys.

Nathal, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Stress generation in thermally grown oxide films

A three dimensional finite element analysis was conducted, using the ANSYS computer program, of the stress state in a thin oxide film thermally formed on a rectangular piece of NiCrAl alloy. The analytical results indicate a very high compressive stress in the lateral directions of the film (approximately 6200 MPa), and tensile stresses in the metal substrate that ranged from essentially zero to about 55 MPa. It was found further that the intensity of the analytically determined average stresses could be approximated reasonably well by the modification of an equation developed previously by Oxx for stresses induced into bodies by thermal gradients.

Kumnick, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Deformation and annealing study of NiCrAlY

The elevated temperature properties (tensile and creep) of NiCrALY, a nickel base alloy containing nominally 16% chromium, 4% aluminum, and 2 to 3% yttria (Y2O3) were evaluated and the optimal combination of thermomechanical treatments for maximum creep resistance was determined. Stored strain energy in as-extruded bars (14:1 extrusion ratio) permitted the development of a large grain size in the material when it was annealed at the maximum safe temperature 2450 F (1343 C). With a one-hour anneal at this temperature, the relatively fine grain size of the as-extruded material was changed to one in which the average grain diameter approached 1 mm, and the aspect ratio was about 10. The material was capable of being cold worked (by rolling) in amounts greater than 30% reduction in area. When the cold worked material was given a relaxation treatment, consisting of heating one hour at 1600 F(871 C), and then a high temperature anneal at 2450 F (1343 C) for one hour, both the high temperature strength and the high temperature creep resistance of the material was further enhanced.

Ebert, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Creep deformation of TD-nickel chromium

An investigation was conducted of the mechanical behavioral characteristics of thoria-dispersed (TD) NiCr materials at elevated temperatures. The experimental procedure used is discussed along with the significance of the obtained results. Attention is given to basic creep behavior and creep thermal activation parameter measurements. It is found that the overall creep behavior of TD-NiCr can be explained on the basis of the relative contributions of two parallel-concurrent deformation mechanisms, including diffusion controlled grain boundary sliding and dislocation motion.

Kane, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Deformation and annealing response of TD-nickel chromium

The recrystallization and grain growth processes occurring in TD-NiCr were examined with respect to deformation severity, annealing time, and temperature. Results indicated that two different annealing responses of TD-NiCr are possible, depending on the initial state and processing history prior to annealing. As-received sheet showed a dramatic increase in grain size with decreasing annealing temperature, whereas sheet prior-annealed at 1316 C for 1 hr exhibited very little variation with subsequent annealing temperature.

Kane, R. D.↗