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Gram, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Gram, M..

Mechanical Pumped Cooling Loop for Spacecraft Thermal Control

Passive elements such as surface finishes, insulation, thermostats, radiators and louvers help keep spacecraft temperatures within the required limits. Mechanically pumped, single-phase cooling loops have been used for short-term applications such as the Space Shuttle. They are flexible, robust, and allow thermal autonomy. A lack of design heritage limits their use to shorter missions .

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