High Temperature Gas Temperature Probe
A probe is described that is capable of measuring gas temperatures exceeding 2000C
Temperature↗
Engineering topics
Gustave C. Fralick
Publications and source records attributed to Gustave C. Fralick.
Thin Film Physical Sensors for High Temperature Applications
For the advanced engines in the future, knowledge of the physical parameters of aerospace components is necessary on the test stand and in flight. NASA GRC is leveraging expertise in thin films and high temperature materials to measure hot section gas and surface temperature, heat flux and static and dynamic strain. The current challenges of instrumentation technology are to further develop systems packaging and component testing of specialized sensors, further develop instrumentation techniques on complex surfaces, improve sensor durability, and to address needs for extreme temperature applications. Applications of thin film ceramic sensors as replacement for noble metals are being investigated. Technologies demonstrated in aeronautics and space applications are outlined.
thin films↗
LENR Products: Lattice Confinement Fusion (LCF), Fission, or Both?
Lattice Confinement Fusion (LCF) or Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) generate heat from the high energy products they produce. Conventionally, d-d fusion reactions may produce either 2.45 MeV neutrons, 3 MeV protons, or high energy gammas. Generally, fission will give 5-10x the excess energy of fusion. However, aneutronic “cold fusion” would provide 24 MeV/reaction, D(d,γ) 4 He, where the gamma is suppressed. In a series of pressurized gas cycling experiments with a palladium silver (75 wt.% Pd and 25 wt.% Ag or Pd25Ag) alloy [1], samples cycled with deuterium showed excess heat via unexplained temperature rises. Post-test analysis of the Pd25Ag samples using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM/EDX) showed several molten features containing anomalous elements other than Pd and Ag. Researchers such as Liu et al [2] have also observed transmutations under similar conditions. These molten areas and anomalous elements suggest Pd fission. This nuclear process has been referred to as nuclear disintegration. Either nuclear fission or disintegration may result in neutron rich fragments. The fragments would rapidly beta decay to shorter lived daughters until they reach stability. We’ve observed evidence of both fusion and fission products [3]. Figure 1 shows neutron spectroscopy showing fusion and boosted neutron energies in bremsstrahlung-initiated fusion of TiD2. Figure 2 shows possible fission products from D 2 gas cycled Pd25Ag alloy. Alternatively, Oppenheimer-Phillips stripping reactions, enhanced by electron screening [4] may also occur. In this case, the 8.6 MeV binding energy per Pd or Ag minus the 2.2 MeV deuteron binding energy leaves 6.4 MeV distributed between the reaction products. The energy is shared inversely proportional to the masses of the stripped off nucleon, p or n, and the new target nucleus.
Theresa L. Benyo↗