Engineering topics
Haller, G
Publications and source records attributed to Haller, G.
High-Temperature Stability of Cobalt Grafted on Low-Loading Incorporated Mo-MCM-41 Catalyst for Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Cobalt metal is a good catalyst for CO disproportionation to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) when particle size is stabilized on the nanometer scale. With reaction temperatures in the range of 973-1123 K, stabilization of nanometer Co particles against sintering requires a chemical bonding and/or occlusion of the Co particles. Catalysts with Co-grafted Mo-incorporated MCM-41 with different Mo loadings (<1 wt %) have been synthesized. Incorporation of Mo cations in the silica framework of MCM-41 provides different species as grafting sites. These grafting sites affect the strength of the metal-support interaction that controls sintering of active Co metal. The stability of Co at high temperature has been investigated by TPR and in situ/ex-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The reduced Co metal particle size, after hydrogen prereduction, is independent of Mo loading. However, the Co particle size after SWNT synthesis is greatly affected by Mo anchoring and varied with loading. The Co particle size of low-Mo-loading samples after SWNT synthesis is little changed (from 0.88 nm after prereduction to 0.85 nm after SWNT synthesis), but the Co particle size difference of high-Mo-loading samples is gradually increased as the Mo loading is increased.
Effect of Surface Oxygen Containing Groups on the Catalytic Activity of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Supported Pt Catalyst
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) supported platinum catalysts were employed to study the support functionalization on their catalytic performances. The MWNT were subjected to HNO{sub 3} functionalization, in which oxygen-containing-groups (OCGs) were introduced to improve Pt dispersion. The MWNT supports were characterized by nitrogen physisorption and NEXAFS, and the Pt supported on differently functionalized MWNT characterized by X-ray absorption, TEM and both hydrogen and CO chemisorption. Compared to the as received MWNT supports, Pt dispersion is improved on the HNO3 treated MWNT supports, but the turnover frequency (TOF) of aqueous phase reforming decreases by half. The TOF can be recovered by removing the OCGs via high temperature annealing. To further investigate the OCGs effect, different probe reactions, including both steam reforming and liquid phase reforming of hydrocarbon oxygenates and dehydrogenation of alkanes in the liquid and gas phases, have been performed on the MWNT supported catalysts with different OCGs. A comparison of these reaction results suggests that OCGs are only detrimental to reactions in a binary mixture with two components of different hydrophilicity due to their competitive adsorption on the catalyst supports.
Pt-Co Bimetallic Catalyst Supported on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Effect of Alloy Formation and Oxygen Containing Groups
Pt monometallic and Pt-Co bimetallic catalysts have been prepared on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) with and without HNO{sub 3} treatment. The HNO{sub 3} treatment introduced oxygen containing groups (OCGs), which affect both the structure and activity of the catalyst. The introduction of OCGs does not affect the structure of Pt monometallic catalysts but increased the dispersion in the bimetallic catalysts. The aqueous phase re-forming (APR) activity of the bimetallic catalysts is also affected by the OCGs, because the local concentration of the reactant around the SWNT support with OCGs is less than the case without OCGs. The two effects act on activity in opposing directions so the bimetallic catalysts on the two supports give similar APR yields, but this discovery gives us direction and a basis for the future design and improvement of SWNT supported catalysts.
A Silicon-Tungsten ECal with Integrated Electronics
We summarize recent R&D progress for a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) with integrated electronics, designed to meet the ILC physics requirements. A basic physics requirement for ILC detectors is that they provide excellent reconstruction of hadronic final states. This allows access to new physics which is complementary to the LHC. One statement for a requirement on jet reconstruction is that intermediate particles which decay into jets, such as W, Z, or top, can be identified and isolated. This places unprecedented requirements on 2-jet or 3-jet mass resolution, typically at the level of 3-5% using the PFA technique, which makes challenging demands on the calorimeters. The electromagnetic energy resolution is not expected to limit jet resolution using a PFA. However, particle separation - photon-photon and charged hadron-photon - is crucial. In addition, if one provides this kind of imaging calorimeter to meet the PFA needs, these same features will also be put to good use for reconstruction of specific tau decay modes (to enable final-state polarization measurement), to 'track' photons (even if originating from a vertex displaced from the interaction point), to track MIPS, and so forth. Figure 1 and Table 1 provide some context for our ECal design within the SiD detector concept, along with some main design parameters. More detail is included in the presentation.