Engineering topics

Hashimoto, T

Publications and source records attributed to Hashimoto, T.

At least 19 records

DOE OSTI2016

TU-H-CAMPUS-TeP3-03: Dose Enhancement by Gold Nanoparticles Around the Bragg Peak of Proton Beams

Purpose: To make clear the spatial distribution of dose enhancement around gold nanoparticles (GNPs) located near the proton Bragg peak, and to evaluate the potential of GNPs as a radio sensitizer. Methods: The dose enhancement by electrons emitted from GNPs under proton irradiation was estimated by Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit in two steps. In an initial macroscopic step, 100 and 195 MeV proton beams were incident on a water cube, 30 cm on a side. Energy distributions of protons were calculated at four depths, 50% and 75% proximal to the Bragg peak, 100% peak, and 75% distal to the peak (P50, P75, Peak, and D75, respectively). In a subsequent microscopic step, protons with the energy distribution calculated above were incident on a 20 nm diameter GNP in a nanometer-size water box and the spatial distribution of dose around the GNP was determined for each energy distribution. The dose enhancement factor (DEF) was also deduced. Results: The dose enhancement effect was spread to several tens of nanometers in the both depth and radial directions. The enhancement area increased in the order of P50, P75, Peak, and D75 for both cases with 100 and 195 MeV protons. In every position around the Bragg peak, the 100 MeV beam resulted in a higher dose enhancement than the 195 MeV beam. At P75, the average and maximum DEF were 3.9 and 17.0 for 100 MeV, and 3.5 and 16.2 for 195 MeV, respectively. These results indicate that lower energy protons caused higher dose enhancement in this incident proton energy range. Conclusion: The dose enhancement around GNPs spread as the position in the Bragg peak region becomes deeper and depends on proton energy. It is expected that GNPs can be used as a radio sensitizer with consideration of the location and proton beam energy.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2012

Direct measurement of the {sup 11}C({alpha},p){sup 14}N reaction at CRIB: A path from pp-chain to CNO

We determined the total reaction rate of the {sup 11}C({alpha},p){sup 14}N reaction relevant to the nucleosynthesis in explosive hydrogen-burning stars. The measurement was performed by means of the thick target method in inverse kinematics with {sup 11}C RI beams. We performed the identification of the ground-state transition and excited-state transitions using time-of-flight information for the first time.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Experimental challenge to nuclear physics problems in the {nu}p-process

Astrophysical stellar reactions at extremely high temperatures involve a variety of problems both in nuclear reactions and nuclear structures. Specifically, the problems in the {nu}pprocess were discussed in this talk based on our recent experimental results with low-energy RI beams and a simulation study. The {nu}p-process is one of the key processes for investigating the mechanism of type II supernovae, and the process could be possibly responsible for 'the excess production' of p-nuclei around mass 90-100. Alpha cluster resonances have been discovered experimentally to play a crucial role for the stellar ({alpha}, p) reactions just above the alpha threshold. Neutron induced reactions in the proton-rich nuclear regions in the {nu}p-process are also suggested to play an important role, which involve nuclear structures of high level density at high excitation energies, probably giant resonances. The discussion also covered the p-nuclei production through the {nu}p-process at around mass 100.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Alpha-induced reaction studies using low-energy RI beams at CRIB

CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) is a low-energy RI beam separator at the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) of the University of Tokyo. Studies on proton and alpha resonance scatterings, ({alpha}, p) reactions, and other types of measurements ({beta}-decay lifetimes etc.) have been performed using RI beams at CRIB, motivated by interests on astrophysical reactions and exotic nuclear structure. Among the studies at CRIB, the measurement of {sup 7}Li+{alpha}/{sup 7}Be+{alpha} resonant scatterings are presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Study of proton resonance structure in {sup 27}P via resonant elastic scattering of {sup 26}Si+p

A measurement of resonant elastic scattering of {sup 26}Si+p was performed with a thick target using a {sup 26}Si radioactive ion beam at the CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) of the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), the University of Tokyo. The excitation function of {sup 27}P was measured successfully with the inverse kinematics method through a covered the range of excitation energies from E{sub x}{approx} 2.3 to 3.8 MeV, providing information about the resonance structure of this nucleus. The properties of these resonances are important to better determine the production rates of {sup 26}Si(p,g){sup 27}P reaction, which is one of the astrophysically important nuclear reactions to understand the production of the {sup 26}Al. Some new resonant states have been investigated, and determined their resonance parameters, such as excitation energies, proton partial widths, and spin-parities by R-matrix calculation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Measurement of {sup 25}Al+p resonant elastic scattering for studying the {sup 25}Al(p,{gamma}){sup 26}Si

Proton resonant states in {sup 26}Si have been studied by the resonant elastic scattering of {sup 25}Al+p with a {sup 25}Al radioactive ion beam at 2.863 MeV/nucleon bombarding a thick H{sub 2} gas target with the inverse kinematics method at the low-energy RI beam facility CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator), University of Tokyo. The properties of these resonance states are important to better determine the production rates of {sup 25}Al(p,{gamma}){sup 26}Si reaction, which is one of the astrophysically important nuclear reactions to understand the production of the ground state of {sup 26}Al, the emitter of its characteristic 1.809-MeV gamma-ray, under the explosive stellar environments such as novae and X-ray bursts. In this work, several resonances above the proton threshold level have been observed with a high statistics and background free through a covered the range of excitation energies from E{sub x}{approx} 6.8 to 8.2 MeV.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Direct measurement of the breakout reaction {sup 11}C({alpha},p){sup 14}N in explosive hydrogen-burning process

We determined the {sup 11}C({alpha},p){sup 14}N reaction rate relevant to the nucleosynthesis in explosive hydrogen-burning stars. The measurement was performed by means of the thick target method in inverse kinematics with {sup 11}C RI beams. We derived the excitation functions for the ground-state transition and excited-state transitions using time-of-flight information for the first time. The present reaction rate is compared to the previous one.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2011

Precision spectroscopy of kaonic {sup 3}He X-rays at J-PARC

We will measure the X-rays from kaonic {sup 3}He 3d {yields} 2p transition with a precision below 2 eV. It can provide crucial information on the kaon-nucleus strong interaction. The experiment (J-PARC E17) will be performed as Day-1, which is one of the first experiments in the J-PARC hadron facility in the year 2011. An overview and the present status of the J-PARC E17 experiment are described.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2011

Precision Spectroscopy of Kaonic Helium-3 X-rays at J-PARC

We will measure the x-rays from kaonic {sup 3}He and {sup 4}He 3d{yields}2p transition by using silicon drift detectors. Our precision goal is set to 1 eV to provide crucial information on the kaon-nucleus strong interaction in the low energy limit. The experiment is to be performed as one of the first experiment in the J-PARC hadron facility (J-PARC E17). An overview and the present status of the experiment are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2011

New Nanoscale Imaging with a Simple Hard X-Ray Nanoslit

A simple and new procedure to measure the optimal intensity distribution of an x-ray wavefield in nanoscale resolution is proposed. A heavy-metal wire can work as a ''nanoslit'' with a nanoscale aperture size. Its basic function can be described simply with geometrical optics using total reflection. The further function is investigated with numerical calculation of a diffraction edge. In the experiment, Fresnel fringes generated by a rectangular aperture were measured by using a 300-{mu}m platinum wire as the nanoslit. Its high potential use in imaging applications is discussed.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗

DOE OSTI2011

{alpha} resonance structure in {sup 11}B studied via resonant scattering of {sup 7}Li+{alpha}

A new measurement of {alpha} resonant scattering on {sup 7}Li was performed over the excitation energy of 10.2-13.0 MeV in {sup 11}B at the low-energy RI beam facility CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator (CRIB) of the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo. The excitation function of {sup 7}Li+{alpha} at 180 deg. in the center-of-mass system was successfully measured for the first time with the inverse kinematics method, providing important information on the {alpha} cluster structure in {sup 11}B and the reaction rate of {sup 7}Li({alpha},{gamma}), which is relevant to the {sup 11}B production in the {nu} process in core-collapse supernovae. The excitation function of the {sup 7}Li({alpha},p) reaction cross section for 11.7-13.1 MeV was also measured.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2011

Spins and parities of astrophysically important {sup 30}S states from {sup 28}Si({sup 3}He, n{gamma}){sup 30}S

The structure of proton-unbound {sup 30}S states strongly determines the thermonuclear {sup 29}P(p,{gamma}){sup 30}S reaction rate at temperatures characteristic of explosive hydrogen burning in classical novae and type I x-ray bursts. Specifically, the rate had been previously predicted to be dominated by two low-lying, unobserved, levels in the E{sub x}= 4.7-4.8 MeV region, with spin and parity assignments of 3{sup +} and 2{sup +}. In recent experimental work, two candidate levels were observed with energies of 4.699 MeV and 4.814 MeV, but no experimental information on their spins and parities was obtained. We have performed an in-beam {gamma}-ray spectroscopy study of {sup 30}S with the {sup 28}Si({sup 3}He, n{gamma}){sup 30}S reaction. By constructing the decay schemes of proton-unbound states with a {gamma}-{gamma} coincidence analysis of their decay {gamma} rays, their J{sup {pi}} values were inferred from a comparison to the known decay schemes of the corresponding mirror states in {sup 30}Si. For the two aforementioned states, our results strongly corroborate the spin-parity assignments assumed in recent evaluations of the {sup 29}P(p,{gamma}){sup 30}S reaction rate.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2010

Complete solution for unambiguous discrimination of three pure states with real inner products

Complete solutions are given in a closed analytic form for unambiguous discrimination of three general pure states with real mutual inner products. For this purpose, we first establish some general results on unambiguous discrimination of n linearly independent pure states. The uniqueness of solution is proved. The condition under which the problem is reduced to an (n-1)-state problem is clarified. After giving the solution for three pure states with real mutual inner products, we examine some difficulties in extending our method to the case of complex inner products. There is a class of set of three pure states with complex inner products for which we obtain an analytical solution.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2010

Direct measurement of the {sup 11}C({alpha}, p){sup 14}N stellar reaction at CRIB

The first direct measurement of the {sup 11}C({alpha}, p){sup 14}N reaction cross section of astrophysical interest has been performed for the center-of-mass energies from 1 to 4.5 MeV with the CRIB (Center for Nuclear Study Radioactive Ion Beam separator). We successfully distinguished the transition to the ground state of {sup 14}N and that to the second excited state with a comparable yield. The resonant shapes in the preliminary excitation function for the ground state transition have been confirmed to be consistent with the ones from the time-reversal reaction data of previous experiments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2010

Studies of alpha-induced astrophysical reactions at CRIB

CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) is a low-energy RI beam separator at the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) of the University of Tokyo. Using the RI beams at CRIB, many measurements on proton alpha resonance scatterings, ({alpha},p) reactions, and others were performed in recent years mainly for studying astrophysical reactions and exotic nuclear structure. Among them, the results on the {sup 7}Li+{alpha} resonance scatterings are presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2010

Direct Measurement of {sup 21}Na+{alpha} Stellar Reaction

The measurement of the resonant alpha scattering and the {sup 21}Na({alpha}, p) reaction were performed for the first time in inverse kinematics with the thick target method using a {sup 21}Na radioisotope (RI) beam. This paper reports the current result of alpha scattering measurement and its astrophysics implication.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2010

{sup 30}S({alpha}, p) in X-Ray Bursts at CRIB

Over the past three years, we have worked on developing a well-characterized {sup 30}S radioactive beam to be used in a future experiment aiming to directly measure the {sup 30}S({alpha}, p) stellar reaction rate within the Gamow window of Type I X-ray bursts.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2010

Development of the GEM-MSTPC for studies of astrophysical nuclear reaction rates

We have developed an active-target type gas-detector, a Gas Electron Multiplier Multiple-Sampling and Tracking Proportional Chamber (GEM-MSTPC) operating with low-pressure He-base mixed gas, where He is used as a target for studies of astrophysical nuclear reaction rates. Different kinds of 400 {mu}m thick GEMs were examined. The gain stability was examined with a configuration of GEMs of 400 {mu}m in thickness fabricated in different ways, against the injection rate of low-energy heavy ions of 10{sup 5} particles per second. The gain of GEM with Cu electrodes coated by Au was observed to be stable up to the injection rate of 10{sup 5} particles per second.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗