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Hohenberg, C. M.

Publications and source records attributed to Hohenberg, C. M..

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2005

I-Xe Dating: The Time Line of Chondrule Formation and Metamorphism in LL Chondrites

Refractory inclusions, considered to be the oldest solids formed in the solar nebula. (4567.2 0.6 Ma) [1], are common in many carbonaceous and in some ordinary and enstatite chondrites. High-precision Pb- Pb ages for CAI s and chondrules (from different meteorites) suggested that chondrule formation appeared to have started about 2 Ma later than that of CAIs [1]. However, recent 26Al/26Mg data suggest simultaneous formation of CAI s and chondrules in Allende [2]. The I-Xe ages of CAI s in Allende are about 2 Ma younger than the I-Xe ages of Allende chondrules [3] but, like all chronometers, the I-Xe system records closure time of its particular host phase. In the case of Allende CAI s, the major iodine-bearing phase is sodalite, a secondary phase presumably formed by aqueous alteration, so I-Xe reflects the post-formational processes in these objects. In chondrules the iodine host phases vary and can reflect formation and/or alteration but, to put chondrule ages on a quantative basis, some problems should first be addressed.

Pravdivtseva, O. V.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Radiogenic Xenon-129 in Silicate Inclusions in the Campo Del Cielo Iron Meteorite

Iron meteorites present a challenge for the I-Xe dating technique because it is usually the inclusions, not metal, that contain radiogenic xenon and iodine. Silicate inclusions are frequent in only types IAB and IIE, and earlier studies of irons have demonstrated that I-Xe system can survive intact in these inclusions preserving valuable age information. Our previous studies of the I-Xe record in pyroxene grains from Toluca iron suggested an intriguing relationship between apparent I-Xe ages and (Mg+Fe)/Fe ratios. The I-Xe system in K-feldspar inclusions from Colomera (IIE) had the fingerprint of slow cooling, with an indicated cooling rate of 2-4 C/Ma. Here we present studies of the iodine-xenon system in a silicate-graphite-metal (SiGrMet) inclusion of the IA Campo del Cielo iron meteorite from the collection of the Museum of Natural History in Vienna.

Meshik, A.↗
NASA NTRS2004

A First Look at Graphite Grains from Orgueil: Morphology, Carbon, Nitrogen and Neon Isotopic Compositions of Individual, Chemically Separated Grains

Presolar graphite in Murchison has been extensively studied. It is characterized by a unique Ne isotopic composition, known as the Ne-E(L) component. According to studies by Huss and Lewis, the concentration of Ne-E(L) in Orgueil is about one order of magnitude higher than in Murchison, when normalized to the matrix. This could be due to a higher presolar graphite abundance in Orgueil, or due to a higher Ne-E concentrations per grain. The Ne isotopic compositions in individual presolar graphite grains from Murchison have been measured before. It was shown, that a third of the grains have detectable excesses in 22Ne, characteristic of the Ne-E(L) component. One grain in a hundred had a Ne-22 concentration two orders of magnitude higher than blank.

Pravdivtseva, O.↗
NASA NTRS2004

The Iodine-Xenon System in Outer and Inner Portions of Chondrules from the Unnamed Antarctic LL3 Chondrite

Alteration processes may affect I-Xe system in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites. It was shown that at the edges, where a contribution is made by matrix material around the rim, *Xe-129/Xe-128 values are generally lower (later apparent ages) than in the main chondrule mass. In this work we attempted to investigate whether thermal metamorphism can affect the I-Xe system in LL3 chondrites which did not experienced aqueous alteration.

Meshik, A. P.↗
NASA NTRS2004

The I-Xe Record of Long Equilibration in Chondrules from the Unnamed Antarctic Meteorite L3/LL3

The unnamed Antarctic meteorite studied here is of primitive chondritic type L3 or LL3, probably of grade 3.5 - 3.6. Detailed mineralogical and SEM analyses have revealed the existence of three distinct chondrule types in this meteorite. Both iron-rich and some iron-poor chondrules are present with variably recrystallized matrices or mesostases reflecting variable equilibration. Patchy equilibration of chondrule mesostases suggests thermal metamorphism after accretion. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.

Pravdivtseva, O. V.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Apparent I-Xe Cooling Rates of Chondrules Compared with Silicates from the Colomera Iron Meteorite

In I-Xe dating, a regular pattern of increasing Xe-129/128Xe-128 ratio with increasing extraction temperature is often observed. If one makes the crude assumption that the temperatures at which the Xe is extracted in the laboratory is approximately the same as the temperature at which those sites closed 4.6 Ga ago, a (zeroth order) model cooling rate can be found. In order to test and refine this model we can apply the cooling theory of Dodson to those extraction steps approaching the I-Xe isochrons. Using an Arrhenius plot for these temperature fractions, and assuming that an only single phase is involved, the effective diffusion parameters can be estimated (frequency factor and activation energy). From the apparent (zeroth order) cooling rate, the closure temperature can be estimated from the Dodson equation. This model closure temperature can then be compared with the actual laboratory temperature at which the isochron begins. The ratio of the closure temperature and the temperature corresponding to the start of the isochron provides the ratio of the two temperature scales, incorporation and extraction. The actual cooling rate is then given by the apparent (zeroth order) cooling rate times the temperature scale factor. Figure 1 shows Arrhenius plots for I-Xe data

Hohenberg, C. M.↗
NASA NTRS2003

I-Xe Ages and Trapped Xe Compositions

I-Xe isochrons are mixing lines between a single trapped and a single iodine derived component. The slope of this line establishes initial iodine and hence the I-Xe age. One end of the isochron is fixed by the composition of the trapped Xe component, which should be representative of the Xe that was present in the early solar system (Q-Xe or OC-Xe). Because the I/Xe ratio in the solar nebular was ~1, and the I-129/I-127 was about 10-4, the Xe-129 in trapped Xe cannot evolve appreciably with decay of I-129. While it may be possible for Xe in a closed system with elevated I/Xe ratios to evolve producing trapped components with higher Xe-129/Xe-132 ratios, trapped Xe compositions with lower (sub-planetary) Xe-129/Xe-132 ratios seem implausible.

Hohenberg, C. M.↗
NASA NTRS2003

The I-Xe Age of Orgueil Magnetite: New Results

I-Xe ages of Murchison and Orgueil magnetites were reported to be the oldest [1] and interpreted as the condensation time of the solar nebula. More recent measurements, conducted on a highly magnetic separate from Orgueil (but not pure magnetite), gave much younger I-Xe ages [2]. We have since performed new studies on two pure separates of Orgueil magnetite, confirming the later closing time of the I-Xe system in this mineral phase. In the previous work of Lewis and Anders [1] special attention was paid to the purity of the analyzed material. It was shown, that the trapped Xe resided mostly in hydrated silicates and the radiogenic 129Xe in magnetite [3]. Therefore, Orgueil was finely ground and stirred with a saturated LiCl solution for 8 days at 60 C to remove the silicate-magnetite intergrowth. Although this procedure yields magnetic fractions that are at least 90% pure [1], it could potentially contaminate the magnetite with iodine and produce noncorrelated 128Xe and spurious I-Xe ages. To avoid this possibility, in our first work with Orgueil we deliberately omitted separation in LiCl solution. Instead, the meteorite was ground into a fine powder and the highly magnetic fraction was separated with a hand magnet and was confirmed to be largely magnetite [2]. The new work, reported here, was done in order to confirm our previous results and investigate the effects of the LiCl treatment on the I-Xe system in magnetite.

Pravdivtseva, O. V.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Double Beta Decay of Tellurium-130: Current Status

Geochemically measured values of Te-130 half-life form two distinct clusters. Two different experiments were performed to check two proposed explanations: Xe loss and Xe inheritance. Neither is observed. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Meshik, A. P.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Relationships Among Chondrite Groups as Inferred from Presolar-Grain Abundances

Presolar-grain abundances show that C chondrites consist of two quite distinct groups, those containing primitive material, and those consisting of processed material. Ordinary chondrites are intermediate in many properties between these groups. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Huss, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Nanodiamond in Colloidal Suspension: Electrophoresis; Other Observations

Selective laser extraction has demonstrated that meteoritic diamonds may consist of subpopulations with different optical absorption properties, but it is not clear what makes them optically different. More work is needed to understand the mechanism for selective laser extraction. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Meshik, A. P.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Presolar Grains in CM2 Chondrites

New abundance determinations for presolar diamond, SiC, and graphite in CM2 chondrites are presented and used to infer initial abundances in primitive solar-system material. Modifications of initial abundances reflect early-solar-system processes. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Huss, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Anomalous Xenon in the Precambrian Nuclear Reactor in Okelobondo (Gabon): A Possible Connection to the Fission Component in the Terrestrial Atmosphere

Some CFF-Xe (Chemically Fractionated Fission Xenon), whose isotopic composition is established by simultaneous decay and migration of radioactive fission products, is probably present in the Earth's lithosphere, a conclusion based on available Xe data from various crustal and mantle rocks . Our recent isotopic analysis of Xe in alumophosphate from zone 13 of Okelobondo (southern extension of Oklo), along with the independent estimation of the isotopic composition of atmospheric fission Xe , supports the hypothesis that CFF-Xe was produced on a planetary scale. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Meshik, A. P.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Iodine-Xenon Dating: Sensitive Chronometer for Reprocessing in the Primitive Solar System

The I-Xe chronometer is based upon decay of I-129 to Xe-129 in the early Solar System. Recent comparison of I-Xe system in individual mineral separates from twelve different meteorites with independent Pb-Pb data has demonstrated that I-Xe clock is a reliable sensitive chronometer when applied to a single mineral system. Since most iodine hosts are secondary minerals, the I-Xe clock generally records post-formational processing, providing the information on early meteorite evolution. Absolute I-Xe ages can be found by normalization using the measured I-Xe and Pb-Pb ages of Acapulco phosphate (4.557 plus or minus 0.002 Ga). Absolute ages for the I-Xe internal standards Shallow water and Bjurbole, 4.566 plus or minus 0.002 Ga and 4.565 plus or minus 0.003 Ga, respectively, provide absolute I-Xe ages for all other samples. The I-Xe age of bulk meteorite is meaningful and interpretable only when the carrier of primordial iodine is a major mineral phase (e. g., enstatite chondrites). Using the "monomineral" approach, separated phases from the Richardton H5 chondrite provide a case history of post-formational alteration in this object. This work applies the I-Xe chronometer to determine the times of reprocessing of selected minerals in single meteorite types. A preliminary account of this work was recently reported. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Pravdivtseva, O. V.↗