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Horstman, C. C.

Publications and source records attributed to Horstman, C. C..

At least 19 records

Turbulence compressibility corrections

The basic objective of this research was to identify, develop and recommend turbulence models which could be incorporated into CFD codes used in the design of the National AeroSpace Plane vehicles. To accomplish this goal, a combined effort consisting of experimental and theoretical phases was undertaken. The experimental phase consisted of a literature survey to collect and assess a database of well documented experimental flows, with emphasis on high speed or hypersonic flows, which could be used to validate turbulence models. Since it was anticipated that this database would be incomplete and would need supplementing, additional experiments in the NASA Ames 3.5-Foot Hypersonic Wind Tunnel (HWT) were also undertaken. The theoretical phase consisted of identifying promising turbulence models through applications to simple flows, and then investigating more promising models in applications to complex flows. The complex flows were selected from the database developed in the first phase of the study. For these flows it was anticipated that model performance would not be entirely satisfactory, so that model improvements or corrections would be required. The primary goals of the investigation were essentially achieved. A large database of flows was collected and assessed, a number of additional hypersonic experiments were conducted in the Ames HWT, and two turbulence models (kappa-epsilon and kappa-omega models with corrections) were determined which gave superior performance for most of the flows studied and are now recommended for NASP applications.

Coakley, T. J.

Heat-transfer measurements and computations of swept-shock-wave boundary-layer interactions

An experimental and computational research program providing new knowledge of the heat transfer in swept-shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions is described. An equilibrium turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate is subjected to impingement by a swept planar shock wave generated by a sharp fin. Five different interactions with fin angles ranging from 10 to 20 deg at freestream Mach numbers of 3 and 4 produce a variety of interaction strengths ranging from weak to very strong. A foil heater generates a uniform heat flux over the flat plate surface, and miniature thin-film-resistance sensors are used to measure the local surface temperature. The heat convection equation is then solved for the heat transfer distribution within an interaction, yielding an uncertainty of about +/- 10%. These data are compared with numerical Navier-Stokes solutions that employ a k-epsilon turbulence model. A simple peak heat transfer correlation for fin interactions is suggested.

Lee, Y.

Computation of crossing shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction at Mach 8.3

A three-dimensional (3D) hypersonic crossing shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction is examined numerically at Mach 8.3. The test geometry consists of a pair of opposing sharp fins of angle alpha = 15 deg, mounted on a flat plate. Two theoretical models are evaluated. The full (3D) Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the Baldwin-Lomax and the Rodi (modified k-epsilon) turbulence models. Computed results for both cases show good agreement with experiment for flat plate surface pressure and for flowfield profiles of pitot pressure and yaw angle, indicating that the flowfield is primarily rotational and inviscid. Fair to poor agreement is obtained for surface heat transfer, indicating a need for more accurate turbulence models. The overall flowfield structure is similar to that observed in previous crossing shock interaction studies.

Narayanswami, N.

Development of separation due to interaction between a shock wave and a turbulent boundary layer perturbed by rarefaction waves

The interaction of a turbulent boundary layer with rarefaction and shock waves in flows past inclined steps was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were carried out in supersonic wind tunnels with test sections of 0.6 x 0.6 m and 0.2 x 0.2 m, with adiabatic conditions on the surface model. Based on detailed measurements of pressure fields, velocity, and surface friction, combined with results of optical visualization and analysis of limiting flow lines, three characteristic flow regimes are identified. These are (1) nonseparated flow at small step angles, (2) formation of a local separation zone with a free separation point at moderate step angles, and (3) formation of a large-scale separated flow with a fixed separation point at sufficiently large step angles. The quantitative gasdynamic schemes and surface pressure distributions for these flow regimes are shown for Mach 2.85.

Zheltovodov, A. A.

Numerical simulation of crossing/turbulent boundary layer interaction at Mach 8.3 comparison of zero and two-equation turbulence models

A 3D hypersonic crossing shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction is examined numerically. The test geometry consists of a pair of opposing sharp fins of angle alpha = 15 deg mounted on a flat plate. The freestream Mach number is 8.28. Two theoretical models are evaluated. The full 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic turbulent eddy viscosity model and the Rodi turbulence model. Computed results for both cases show good agreement with experiment for flat plate surface pressure and for pitot pressure and yaw angle profiles in the flowfield. General agreement is obtained for surface flow direction. Fair to poor agreement is obtained for surface heat transfer, indicating a need for more accurate turbulence models. The overall flowfield structure is similar to that observed in previous crossing shock interaction studies.

Narayanswami, N.

Hypersonic crossing shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions

Experimental data for two three-dimensional intersecting shock-wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction flows at Mach 8.3 are presented. The test bodies, composed of two sharp fins fastened to a flat plate test bed, were designed to generate flows with varying degrees of pressure gradient, boundary-layer separation, and turning angle. The data include surface pressure and heat transfer distributions as well as mean flow field surveys both in the undisturbed and interaction regimes. The data are presented in a convenient form to be used to validate existing or future computational models of these hypersonic flows.

Kussoy, M. I.

Investigation of a hypersonic crossing shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction

A combined theoretical and experimental study is presented for the interaction between crossing shock waves generated by (10 deg, 10 deg) sharp fins and a flat plate turbulent boundary layer at Mach 8.3. The theoretical model is the full 3D mean compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations incorporating the algebraic turbulent eddy viscosity model of Baldwin and Lomax (1978). A grid refinement study indicated that adequate resolution of the flow field has been achieved. Computed results agree well with experiment for surface pressure and surface flow patterns and for pitot pressure and yaw angle profiles in the flow field. The computations, however, significantly overpredict surface heat transfer. Analysis of the computed flow field results indicates the formation of complex streamline and wave structures within the interaction region.

Narayanswami, N

Quasiconical flowfield structure of the three-dimensional single fin interaction

A series of conical and three-dimensional computations have been performed for the swept oblique shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction generated by a 20-deg sharp fin at Mach 4 and freestream Reynolds number of 2.18 x 10 exp 5 based on the incoming boundary-layer thickness. The Reynolds-averaged compressible Navier-Stokes equations are employed with turbulence incorporated using the Baldwin-Lomax and Jones-Launder models. The computed results are basically similar for both turbulence models and display general agreement with experimental data for surface pressure and surface flow direction, although underestimating the size of the primary vortex. The computed three-dimensional flowfield displays quasiconical behavior of the surface pressure, surface flow direction, and flowfield contours of static pressure, density, and Mach number over the extent of the computational domain except for an inception region near the fin leading edge. Certain features of the flowfield model are not observed in the computations, namely, a 'normal' shock near the attachment line, transonic shocklets in the expansion region, and secondary separation. The absence of these features in the computation is believed to be indirectly attributable to limitations in the turbulence models.

Knight, Doyle D.

Heat transfer measurements and CFD comparison of swept shock wave/boundary-layer interactions

An experimental research program providing basic knowledge and establishing new data on the heat transfer in swept shock wave/boundary-layer interactions is described. An equilibrium turbulent boundary-layer on a flat plate is subjected to impingement by swept planar shock waves generated by a sharp fin. Five different interactions with fin angles ranging from 10 to 20 deg at freestream Mach numbers of 3.0 and 4.0 produce a variety of interaction strengths from weak to very strong. A foil heater generates a uniform heat flux over the flat plate surface and miniature thin-film-resistance sensors mounted on it are used to measure the local surface temperature. The heat convection equation is then solved for the heat transfer distribution within an interaction, yielding a total uncertainty of about +/- 10 percent. These experimental data are compared with the results of numerical Navier-Stokes solutions which employ a kappa-epsilon turbulence model. Finally, a simplified form of the peak heat transfer correlation for fin interactions is suggested.

Lee, Y.

Structure of supersonic turbulent flow past a swept compression corner

The structure of the shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction generated by a 3D swept compression corner has been investigated through a combined experimental and theoretical research program. The flowfield geometry is defined by the streamwise compression angle alpha and the sweep angle lambda of the corner. The present study examines two different configurations, namely (alpha, lambda) = (24 deg, 40 deg) and (24 deg, 60 deg) at Mach 3 and Re sigma infinity about 9 x 10 exp 5. The theoretical model is the 3D Reynolds-averaged compressible Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence incorporated using a turbulent eddy viscosity. The calculated flowfields display general agreement with experimental data for surface pressure and good agreement with experimental flowfield profiles of pitot pressure and yaw angle. The principal feature of the flowfield is a large vortical structure approximately aligned with the corner. The entrainment of incoming fluid into the vortical structure is strongly affected by the sweep angle lambda. Viscous (turbulent and molecular) effects appear to be important only in the immediate vicinity of the surface and in an isolated region within the interaction and near the corner.

Knight, Doyle D.

The hypersonic shock wave-turbulent boundary layer interaction generated by a sharp fin at Mach 8.2

A combined experimental and numerical study has been conducted on the hypersonic shock-wave turbulent-boundary layer interaction at Mach 8.2 generated by a single fin of angles alpha = 10 and 15 deg. Three models are considered: (1) the 3D compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using the k-epsilon turbulence model, (2) the 3D RANS using the Rodi turbulence model, and (3) the conical RANS using the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic turbulence model. The computations are compared with various experimental data. The computations using models (1) and (2) show quantitatively very similar results and very good agreement with experimental data for surface pressure and skin friction. Comparison with boundary layer profiles of pitot pressure and yaw angle are also generally good, but the peak surface heat transfer is overestimated by up to 48 percent. The effect of the laminar boundary layer on the fin is restricted to the immediate vicinity of the fin surface. Conical calculations using model (3) show substantially poorer agreement with experiment.

Knight, Doyle D.

Hypersonic shock-wave turbulent-boundary-layer interaction flows - Experiment and computation

Solutions of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are presented and compared with experimental surface data for a series of hypersonic shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interaction flows. The turbulence models used include the standard k-epsilon two-equation eddy viscosity model, a two-layer modification to this model, and a third model with several modifications to account for compressibility effects. Both modified models gave significant improvements for all the test flows.

Horstman, C. C.

Three-dimensional shock wave-turbulent boundary layer interactions generated by a sharp fin at Mach 4

This paper describes a combined experimental and theoretical study of three-dimensional swept shock wave-turbulent boundary layer interactions at Mach 4 generated by a sharp fin of angles alpha equals 16 and 20 degrees. The theoretical model is the three-dimensional compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence incorporated through the algebraic eddy viscosity model of Baldwin and Lomax. Previous computations have been performed by Horstman using the Baldwin-Lomax, Cebeci-Smith and Jones Launder models. Computed results for the surface pressure, skin friction and streamline angles are compared with experiment and previous numerical results. The present results display good agreement with experimental data for surface pressure and surface flow direction. All turbulence models fail to accurately predict the peak skin friction. The computed flowfields are in agreement with many of the features of the quasi-conical flowfield model of Settles.

Knight, Doyle D.

Crossing shock wave-turbulent boundary layer interactions

Three-dimensional interactions between crossing shock waves generated by symmetric sharp fins and a turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate are investigated experimentally and theoretically at Mach number 2.95 and freestream unit Reynolds number 1.96 x 10 to the 7th/ft. The incoming boundary layer has a thickness of 4 mm at the location of the fin leading edges. A comparison of experimental and computational results for two sets of fin angles (11 x 11 and 9 x 9 deg) shows general agreement with regard to surface pressure measurements and surface streamline patterns. The principal feature of the streamline structure is a collision of counterrotating vortical structures emanating from near the fin leading edges and meeting at the geometric centerline of the interaction.

Narayanswami, N.

Turbulence modeling for sharp-fin-induced shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions

Solutions of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are presented and compared with a family of experimental results for the 3-D interaction of a sharp fin induced shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer. Several algebraic and two equation eddy viscosity turbulence models are employed. The computed results are compared with experimental surface pressure, skin friction, and yaw angle data as well as the overall size of the interaction. Although the major feature of the flow fields are correctly predicted, several discrepancies are noted. Namely, the maximum skin friction values are significantly underpredicted for the strongest interaction cases. These and other deficiencies are discussed.

Horstman, C. C.