Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Itano, W. M..
Frequency standards based on stored atomic ions are briefly reviewed. Specific examples are chosen to illustrate what is currently possible. Both rf/microwave and optical devices are discussed. The present limitations to existing experiments and possibilities for future improvement are outlined.
The method of ion storage provides a basis for excellent time and frequency standards. This is due to the ability to confine ions for long periods of time without the usual perturbations associated with confinement (e.g., wall shifts). In addition, Doppler effects can be greatly suppressed. The use of stored ions for microwave frequency standards and the future possibilities for an optical frequency standard based on stored ions are addressed.