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J. Brent Knight

Publications and source records attributed to J. Brent Knight.

Habitable-zone Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) Baseline 4-m Telescope Design and Predicted Performance

The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory Mission (HabEx) is one of four missions under study for the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey. Its goal is to directly image and spectroscopically characterize planets in the habitable zone around nearby sun-like stars. Additionally, HabEx will perform a broad range of general astrophysics science enabled by 115 to 1700 nm spectral range and 3x3 arc-minute FOV instruments. Critical to achieving its science goals is a large, ultra-stable UV/Optical/Near-IR (UVOIR) telescope. The baseline HabEx telescope is a 4-meter off-axis unobscured three-mirror-anastigmatic, diffraction limited at 400 nm with wavefront stability on the order of a few 10s of picometers. This paper summarizes the opto-mechanical design of the HabEx baseline optical telescope assembly, including a discussion of how science requirements drive the telescope’s specifications, and presents analysis that the baseline telescope structure meets its specified tolerances.

HabEx↗

Method Development for Experimental Characterization of Dynamic Strength of Aluminum Structures

Space Flight Hardware (SFH) experiences intense vibratory loading during flight, which only lasts a few minutes. When determining the appropriate size of these components to withstand such loading without becoming damaged (plastically deforming or breaking), standard design practice is to assume that the peak dynamic loads are applied statically. In doing so, the resulting stress is compared against a material strength parameter obtained from a quasi-static experiment. Since the near-peak stresses are only experienced over a small fraction of time in reality, this approach leads to design conservatism that unnecessarily increases structural mass as well as the associated inefficiency and financial cost. In an effort to modernize engineering design standards to appropriately consider the higher practical strength of dynamically loaded structures, this overarching research project seeks to develop an experimental test procedure for quantifying the dynamic strength of metallic alloys as a function of excitation frequency. In the ideal case, the characterization test would include an in-situ method for monitoring the onset and progression of plastic deformation of the test specimen undergoing vibratory loading. These new tests are designed to be high intensity (forcing amplitude), short term (60 seconds at full amplitude), and cyclic in nature (sinusoidal excitation via attached stinger to an otherwise cantilevered beam). In addition, the initial metallic alloy under investigation is 6061 aluminum, due to its wide use and applicability for SFH. Thus far, the most promising monitoring method under development with live-capacity is to track hysteresis behavior of the beam from power dissipation trends, calculated via force (from transducer on excitation stinger) and velocity (measurements from Laser Doppler Vibrometer) data and work to distinguish between elastic and plastic features. As a key component of this ongoing method development, any pseudo-live indication of plasticity can be corroborated against the outcome of a pre-post assessment of damage via macroscopic evaluation of beam geometry (i.e. assessing any permanent change in the beam’s tip deflection). Support for experimental design decisions as well as dynamic strength data from tests with excitation frequencies of 10, 40, and 55 Hz will be discussed. This work contributes to the foundation for a new type of vibration-based characterization experiments and generates initial data on the functional strength of 6061 aluminum under the conditions considered. Keywords: vibrations, plastic deformation, aluminum

vibrations↗

Dynamic Stability Finite Element Analysis of Multiple Potential Large Space Telescope Structural Designs

One of the driving structural requirements of the Habitable Exo-Planet telescope is to maintain line of sight stability between the primary and secondary mirror of ≤ 5 milli-arc seconds. Dynamic analyses of two configurations of a proposed Habitable Exo-Planet 4 meter off-axis telescope structure were performed to predict effects of a vibration input on primary/secondary mirror alignment. The dynamic disturbance used as the forcing function was the James Webb Space Telescope reaction wheel assembly vibration emission specification level. The objective of these analyses was to predict order-of-magnitude performance for various structural configurations which contribute to efforts in defining the Habitable Exo-Planet structural design’s global architecture. Two variations of the basic architectural design were analyzed. Relative motion between the PM and the SM for each design configuration are reported.

jitter↗