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Jones, R. H.

Publications and source records attributed to Jones, R. H..

At least 19 records

An evaporite sequence from ancient brine recorded in Bennu samples

Evaporation or freezing of water-rich fluids with dilute concentrations of dissolved salts can produce brines, as observed in closed basins on Earth and detected by remote sensing on icy bodies in the outer Solar System. The mineralogical evolution of these brines is well understood in regard to terrestrial environments, but poorly constrained for extraterrestrial systems owing to a lack of direct sampling. Here we report the occurrence of salt minerals in samples of the asteroid (101955) Bennu returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission. These include sodium-bearing phosphates and sodium-rich carbonates, sulfates, chlorides and fluorides formed during evaporation of a late-stage brine that existed early in the history of Bennu’s parent body. Discovery of diverse salts would not be possible without mission sample return and careful curation and storage, because these decompose with prolonged exposure to Earth’s atmosphere. Similar brines probably still occur in the interior of icy bodies Ceres and Enceladus, as indicated by spectra or measurement of sodium carbonate on the surface or in plumes.

58 GEOSCIENCES

Asteroid Cooling Rates Indicated by K-Feldspar Exsolution Textures in H4 Ordinary Chondrites

Undisturbed thermal metamorphism in ordinary chondrite (OC) asteroids, produced through the radioactive decay of 26Al, is expected to result in an onion-shell-like structure. In such a structure, the inner layers of the asteroid experience more extensive thermal metamorphism, as represented by higher petrologic type, than the exterior layers. Furthermore, cooling rates are expected to be slower for OCs of high petrologic type than those of low petrologic type. However, cooling rates determined using metallographic methods and pyroxene diffusion are inconsistent with onion-shell-style cooling and have resulted in new models. These models argue for the disruption of the asteroid after peak metamorphism followed by reaccretion into a rubble pile. Improved constraints on cooling rates would provide a better understanding of the timing and scale of disruptive events. Feldspar microtextures are another tool that can be used to determine asteroid cooling rates. In OC chondrules, plagioclase is present as either a primary phase, or a secondary phase forming from the crystallization of mesostasis glass through petrologic type 4, followed by chemical and textural equilibration. Potas-sium feldspar is observed in petrologic types 3.6-6, as either patches or lamellae exsolved from albite in a perthite texture, often near pores or fractures. Exsolution occurs most commonly, and most extensively, in petrologic type 4. Because the feldspar exsolution wavelength is related to the rate at which grains cooled from the solvus temperature, determined from the mineral’s bulk composition, the chondrite cooling rate can be measured from regions of exsolution. We have previously reported the perthite exsolution cooling rate of Avanhandava, an H4 chondrite, to be 1 °C per 1-4 months over a temperature interval of 765-670 °C. A peristerite exsolution texture was also present in the Na-rich lamellae for which we estimated a cooling rate of 1 °C in 103-104 years from 570-540 °C. Overall, the cooling rates determined from Avanhandava are consistent with pyroxene diffusion (fast cooling at high temperatures) and metallographic rates (slow cooling at low temperatures), hence with the rubble pile model of disruption and reaccretion. Here, we characterize feldspar microtextures in four additional H4 chondrites to test the consistency of feldspar cooling rates across a range of samples. We show that all H4s are similar and support rubble pile models.

Lewis, J. A.

Microstructure and Thermal History of Metal Particles in CH Chondrites

Fe-Ni metal particles with smooth Ni, Co, and Cr zoning patterns, 8-13 wt.% Ni in the center of the particle to 3-5 wt% Ni at the rim, have been identified in several CR-clan (CH, Bencubbinlike, and CR) chondrites. These zoning patterns are broadly consistent with an origin by gas-solid condensation in the solar nebula at temperatures between approximately 1500 to 1300 K and fast cooling rates, 2 to 25 K/day. Apparently, this condensate metal was not melted during chondrule formation or affected significantly in the solid-state by alteration during parent body processing. Consideration of diffusional redistribution of Ni, Co, Cr and siderophile elements have further constrained the calculated condensation temperatures and cooling rates of the zoned condensates. These condensate metals have irregular shapes and vary in size from 50 to 350 m as revealed in some detail by optical and SEM techniques. In addition to zoned condensate particles, other types of metal particles have been observed. These include zoned condensates with exsolution-precipitates, unzoned homogeneous metal with no exsolution precipitates, unzoned metal exhibiting exsolution precipitates and high Ni metal grains.

Goldstein, J. I.

Oxygen Isotopes in Early Solar System Materials: A Perspective Based on Microbeam Analyses of Chondrules from CV Carbonaceous Chondrites

Some of the biggest challenges to understanding the early history of the solar system include determining the distribution of oxygen isotopes amongst materials that existed in the solar nebula, and interpreting the processes that might have resulted in the observed isotopic distributions. Oxygen isotope ratios in any individual mineral grain from a chondritic meteorite may be the cumulative product of a variety of processes, including stellar nucleosynthetic events, gas/solid interactions in the molecular cloud, mixing of independent isotopic reservoirs in the nebula, mass-independent processing in the nebula, and mass-dependent fractionation effects in various environments. It is not possible to unravel this complex isotopic record unless the distribution of oxygen isotope ratios in chondritic materials is fully understood.

Jones, R. H.

Trace Element Distribution Between Olivine and Kirschsteinite in Angra Dos Reis

The angrites are a small and enigmatic group of basaltic achondrites that possess unique mineralogical and chemical properties. The dominant mineralogy of the seven angrite members (Angra dos Reis, LEW 86010, LEW 87051, Asuka 881371, Sahara 99555, D Orbigny, and a new Moroccan member) is fassaite, olivine, and plagioclase. Angrites display a wide range of thermal histories, with Angra dos Reis (AdoR) exhibiting a cooling history different from that of the rapidly cooled members and from LEW86010, a more slowly cooled member. AdoR could represent either a cumulate or a porphyritic igneous rock that was later altered by metamorphism. We are re-examining the thermal history of AdoR in light of the more recently described angrite members. Our emphasis is a trace element study of low-Ca olivine, which we refer to as olivine, and high-Ca olivine, which we refer to as kirschsteinite, in AdoR.

Fittipaldo, M. M.

Milton: A New, Unique Pallasite

The Milton pallasite was found in Missouri, U.S.A. in October, 2000. It consists of a single stone that originally weighed approximately 2040 g. The chemistry of the olivine and metal phases, plus the oxygen isotope ratios of the olivines, differ significantly from other pallasites, making Milton unique. Unfortunately, the meteorite is heavily fractured and weathered.

Jones, R. H.

Development of a Digital Meteorite Identification Program at University of New Mexico (UNM) (Institute of Meteoritics) and Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI)

Determining the origin and chemical composition of suspect extra terrestrial specimens has lead to meteorite identification research programs. Such programs, like the University of New Mexico-Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute partnership, are being inundated with many non-meteorites (meteor wrongs) sent in by interested individuals from all over the world. This meteorite identification program developed a spreadsheet that aids in identifying the types of minerals in a sample for physical properties, possible meteorite characteristics, minerals and rock properties, and possible man made characteristics. Samples that show meteorite distinctiveness are further analyzed via the Scanning Electron Microprobe (SEM).

Gakin, R.

Meteorite Identification: A Partnership Opportunity

We have begun a partnership between the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico and the Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI) to involve SIPI students in the identification and characterization of samples provided by the general public as possible meteorites. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Karner, J. M.

Trace Element Distribution in an Al-rich Chondrule from the Mokoia CV3 Chondrite

We have studied an Al-rich chondrule from Mokoia. SIMS analyses of plagioclase and pyroxene show that the bulk chondrule REE pattern was originally like group II CAIs. The chondrule must have had precursor material that was a condensation product. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Jones, R. H.

Chemistry and Petrology of Chondrules from the Mokoia CV Chondrite

Bulk chemical compositions of 94 chondrules from Mokoia have been obtained by INAA. Elemental abundances are correlated with petrology. Chemical and petrological properties are very similar to chondrules from Allende and do not show strong alteration signatures.

Jones, R. H.

Relict grains in chondrules: Evidence for chondrule recycling

The presence of relict grains in chondrules, which offers some insight into the degree to which chondrule material was recycled in the chondrule-forming region, is discussed in this report. Relics are grains that clearly did not crystallize in situ in the host chondrule. They represent coarse-grained precursor material that did not melt during chondrule formation, and provide the only tangible record of chondrule precursor grains. Relics are commonly identified by a large difference in size, textural differences, and/or significant compositional differences compared with normal grains in the host chondrule. Two important types of relics are: (1) 'dusty,' metal-bearing grains of olivine and pyroxene; and (2) forsterite (Mg-rich olivine) grains present in FeO-rich chondrules.

Jones, R. H.

Petrology and thermal history of type IA chondrules in the Semarkona (LL3.0) chondrite

Detailed petrologic studies have been made of 15 type IA, Fe-poor, porphyritic olivine chondrules in Semarkona (LL3.0). Major and minor element concentrations in olivines, pyroxenes, and mesostases, and bulk composition so the chondrules are measured along with zoning profiles in the olivine and pyroxene crystals. The mineral compositions and textures are best interpreted in terms of closed system crystallization in which the olivines and pyroxenes crystallized in situ from a melt corresponding to the bulk composition of the chondrule. Relict olivine grains are not found in the chondrules. Crystallization probably occurred at a cooling rate of the order of 1000 C/hr. Precursor materials of the chondrules were composed of two components, one refractory Ca-, Al-, and Ti-rich, and one less refractory Si-, Fe-, Cr-, and Mn-rich. The evidence is consistent with Semarkona being one of the least metamorphosed ordinary chondrites.

Jones, R. H.

Strip and load data

The method of taking batch data files and loading these files into the ADABAS data base management system (DBMS) is examined. This strip and load process allows the user to quickly become productive. Techniques for data fields and files definition are also included.

Jones, R. H.

NATURAL graphics

The hardware and software developments in computer graphics are discussed. Major topics include: system capabilities, hardware design, system compatibility, and software interface with the data base management system.

Jones, R. H.

Stochastic models for atomic clocks

For the atomic clocks used in the National Bureau of Standards Time Scales, an adequate model is the superposition of white FM, random walk FM, and linear frequency drift for times longer than about one minute. The model was tested on several clocks using maximum likelihood techniques for parameter estimation and the residuals were acceptably random. Conventional diagnostics indicate that additional model elements contribute no significant improvement to the model even at the expense of the added model complexity.

Barnes, J. A.

Spacecraft factory-to-pad testing concept

It is noted that the concept of factory-to-pad testing is based on the shipment of a flight-ready spacecraft to the launch base and can be achieved by thorough and comprehensive factory testing of the spacecraft. The principal objectives and results of this approach are shown to be significant cost reductions, increased test effectiveness, and fewer flight problems. Key elements for this concept's success are discussed, including factory-to-pad commonality of support equipment, test requirements and procedures, test teams, and computer programs. Applications of this approach in the space-shuttle era are considered, and a preliminary factory-to-pad concept for the Large Space Telescope spacecraft is presented.

Jones, R. H.