X-ray laser diffraction and optical image data from freezing supercooled water drops
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CXI↗
Engineering topics
Kalita, Armin
Publications and source records attributed to Kalita, Armin.
Rocket drops: The self-propulsion of supercooled freezing drops
Isolated supercooled water drops have been observed to move spontaneously while freezing in vacuum. This motion is caused by an increase of the evaporation rate during the early stages of freezing, which transfers momentum to the drops, similar to rocket propulsion. As in other cases of self-propulsion, symmetry-breaking is necessary, and occurs when ice nucleation occurs away from the center of the drop. The self-propulsion velocity was modeled analytically for a simplified case, and numerically for two experiments. Here, the model predicts peak velocities on the order of 1 m/s in vacuum, and a drop kinematics similar to that observed experimentally. In air, the self-propulsion velocity is expected to be much smaller but may be detectable for micron-sized drops.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗