Kang, Chansoon | Search NASA

DOE OSTI2022

Sulfide glass solid-state electrolyte separators for Li metal batteries: using an interlayer to increase rate performance and reduce stack pressure

We report on the solubility of (Li 2 S) 60 (SiS 2 ) x (P 2 S 5 ) 40–x , (0 ≤ x ≤ 40) sulfide glass solid-state electrolytes in the 1:1 (v/v) DME:DOL solvent mixture, a popular choice for lithium metal battery liquid electrolytes. SiS 2 -rich glasses within the compositional range of (Li 2 S) 60 (SiS 2 ) x (P 2 S 5 ) 40–x (28 ≤ x ≤ 40) were found to be functionally insoluble in DME:DOL. Hybrid symmetric test cells with a thin liquid electrolyte layer (0.6 M LiTFSI + 0.4 M LiNO 3 in 1:1 (v/v) DME:DOL) at the interface between lithium metal electrodes and an insoluble (Li 2 S) 60 (SiS 2 ) 28 (P 2 S 5 ) 12 glass wafer were tested. Hybrid test cells delivered a critical current density of 3.0 mA cm –2 at 25 °C and 0.1 MPa, which is nearly double the CCD of comparable dry symmetric test cells cycled at 10× higher stack pressure.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2022

Consolidation of composite cathodes with NCM and sulfide solid-state electrolytes by hot pressing for all-solid-state Li metal batteries

In this study, hot pressing was evaluated as a method of cell fabrication to increase the energy density of next-generation all-solid-state batteries with NCM active material and sulfide solid-state electrolyte. Hot pressing involves consolidating glassy sulfide electrolyte by the application of pressure at a temperature above the electrolyte’s glass transition temperature. Typically, cell stacks are formed at room temperature and retain 15–30% porosity that limits cell energy density. On the other hand, the porosity of hot-pressed cell stacks is reduced to less than 10%. The electrochemical function of hot-pressed cathode composites was assessed as a function of active material and solid-state electrolyte compositions. Specifically, LiNi 0.85 Co 0.10 Mn 0.05 O 2 and LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 were studied in combination with either glassy Li 7 P 3 S 11 , glassy Li 3 PS 4 , or β-Li 3 PS 4 solid-state electrolytes. Cathode composites composed of LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 and Li 3 PS 4 maintained the best function after hot pressing at 200 °C and 370 MPa for 10 min. It was found that LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 ’s resistance to microcracking and the inherent stability of Li 3 PS 4 ’s fully de-networked local structure are critical to maintain good electrochemical function after hot pressing. Furthermore, the results of this study show that hot pressing reduces porosity in the cathode composite and confirms the feasibility of cathode support of consolidated, reinforced glass separators.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗