DOE OSTI2012
We describe an initiative to build and use the Dark Energy Spectrometer (DESpec), a wide-field spectroscopic survey instrument for the Blanco 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile. A new system with about 4000 robotically positioned optical fibers will be interchangeable with the CCD imager of the existing Dark Energy Camera (DECam), accessing a field of view of 3.8 square degrees in a single exposure. The proposed instrument will be operated by CTIO and available for use by the astronomy community. Our collaboration proposes to use DESpec to conduct a wide, deep spectroscopic survey to study Dark Energy, sharing the survey products with the community, while providing community access to fibers in parallel with survey observations. In a survey of ~350 nights, the DESpec collaboration proposes to obtain spectroscopic redshifts for ~8 million galaxies over 5000 sq. deg. selected from precision imaging from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). This Dark Energy Spectroscopic Survey will advance our knowledge of cosmic expansion and structure growth significantly beyond that obtainable with imaging-only surveys. Since it adds a spectroscopic third dimension to the same sky as DES, the world’s largest and deepest photometric survey, DESpec will enable a powerful array of new, increasingly precise techniques to discriminate among alternative explanations of cosmic acceleration, such as Dark Energy and Modified Gravity. In the 2020 decade, a wider-area spectroscopic survey will enhance the science reach of the next-generation imaging project, LSST, by providing spectroscopy for tens of millions of galaxies and QSO’s over its 15,000-20,000 square degree survey area. DESpec will create a comprehensive, three dimensional, critically-sampled map of large scale cosmic structure – a database encompassing the “cosmic web” of galaxies and clusters over the entire, deeply-imaged southern sky – over most of cosmic history. DESpec will take advantage of the substantial hardware infrastructure recently built for DECam to achieve excellent science at low cost and low technical and schedule risk. It will be mounted in the DECam prime focus cage with its hexapod positioning system (recently installed on the Blanco Telescope) and will share the four largest DECam optical corrector elements. It will be routinely interchangeable with the DECam CCD imager and preserve f/8 secondary capability, to allow flexible use of the telescope. The robotically positioned optical fibers will feed 10 relatively simple, high-throughput spectrometers outfitted with existing, spare, red-sensitive, science-grade DECam CCDs. An Atmospheric Dispersion Compensator similar to existing designs can be accommodated in the existing DECam filter slot. Examples that meet requirements for all major subsystems are in existing or highly developed instruments, showing that cost, technical, and schedule risks are manageable.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗