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Kirkham, Melanie

Publications and source records attributed to Kirkham, Melanie.

Large area position sensitive detector for thermal neutrons

Large area thermal neutron detectors are applied in many fields including industrial imaging, nuclear safeguarding, neutron scattering, and fundamental science. Historically, these detectors were based on 3 He gas proportional counters despite the limitations of 3 He detectors such as high cost, limited supply, non-uniform spatial resolution, and depth of absorption problems. Two alternatives to 3 He detectors are 6 Li-loaded glass scintillators, and powdered ZnS(Ag) scintillators mixed with 6LiF neutron converters. The 6 LiF/ZnS(Ag) scintillator has advantages over 6 Li glass as it is less expensive and can be produced in larger areas, although its self-absorption presents a problem. In this work, we developed a large area thermal neutron detector based on 6 LiF/ZnS(Ag) scintillator coupled with wavelength shifting fibers. The detector uses resistive charge divider-based position encoding. We further modified and improved the method by 2D segmentation of the detector using modular multichannel readout electronics. This segmentation approach allows for a combination of large detector area, improved spatial resolution, and increased count rate. Furthermore, spatial resolution can be variable across the detector area by adjusting the segment size.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Reliability of Materials and Components for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Planar stack solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) require seals that must operate reliably under demanding conditions for lifetimes of 40000 hours. This includes temperature fluctuations between 800°C and RT during on and off cycles, thermal stresses, oxidizing environments and chemical degradation to name a few. This comprehensive report provides results from long term testing of two commercially available multicomponent barium alkali silicate glasses: SCN and G6, chosen as sealing candidates. In this scope, the glass seals were deposited on YSZ and Al 2 O 3 substrates simulating electrolytes (Zrbased) and coatings (both zirconia and Al 2 O 3 ). The seal-substrate couples were subjected to 800°C under air and steam+H 2 +N 2 environments up to 40000 hours to test their integrity under real operating conditions. Extensive studies on the effects of exposure have been conducted over the span of testing at various time intervals. Within the context of characterization, mechanical properties such as density, roughness, thermal expansion and glass transition, viscosity and wettability behavior; and microstructural properties such as glass chemistries, defect formation (cracks and pores), phase transformations (devitrification) and glass-interface reactions are investigated. Results and discussions are provided with a focus on the degradation of the properties over long term interrupted testing.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗

La 2 Zr 2 O 7 Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Al-Doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Garnet

In this work, we modified the reaction pathway to quickly (minutes) incorporate lithium and stabilize the ionic conducting garnet phase by decoupling the formation of a La–Zr–O network from the addition of lithium. To do this, we synthesized La 2 Zr 2 O 7 (LZO) nanoparticles to which LiNO 3 was added. This method is a departure from typical solid-state synthesis methods that require high-energy milling to promote mixing and intimate particle–particle contact and from sol–gel syntheses as a unique porous microstructure is obtained. We show that the reaction time is limited by the rate of nitrate decomposition and that this method produces a porous high-Li-ion-conducting cubic phase, within an hour, that may be used as a starting structure for a composite electrolyte.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗