Engineering topics

Klein, G. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Klein, G. A..

5 records

NASA NTRS2003

Europa Science Platforms and Kinetic Energy Probes

This presentation will outline a proposed mission for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO). The mission outlined will concentrate on an examination of Europa. Some of the primary science goals for the JIMO mission are: 1) to answer broad science questions, 2) improved knowledge of Jovian system; specifically, lunar geological and geophysical properties, 3) chemical composition of Jovian lunar surfaces and subterranean matter, and 4) the search for life. In order to address these issues, the experiment proposed here will deploy orbiting, surface, and subterranean science platforms.

Hays, C. C.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Mars sample-return options

Attention is given to the comparative merits of two options for the return to earth of Mars round-trip sampling probe missions. The first option makes use of an onboard propulsion system to place the returning vehicle into a highly elliptical orbit around the earth. An orbital transfer vehicle (OTV) or OTV/orbital maneuvering vehicle combination retrieves the sample from the return vehicle. The second option uses aerocapture to place the return vehicle in earth orbit; this maneuver imposes no greater weight penalty for proceeding to a low orbit than remaining at one that is high. The second option delivers the sample to a Space Station-compatible orbit for pickup.

French, J. R.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Flow of nitrogen-pressurized Halon 1301 in fire extinguishing systems

Halon 1301 which is a halocarbon fire extinguishing agent (CBrF3) used by the U.S. Army for vehicle fire suppression is discussed. Halon 1301 is discharged under nitrogen pressure, and the Halon-nitrogen mixture is a two phase, two component mixture that obeys compressible fluid laws and exhibits choking effects. A computer model was developed to analyze the discharge of Halon and nitrogen from a storage bottle through pipes and nozzles. The model agrees well with data from Halon 1301 discharge tests. The discharge time depends mainly on nozzle area and pipe volume, for given initial conditions. Graphs were developed for estimating discharge times. A nozzle employing multiple concentric converging/diverging nozzles was developed which gave hemispherical coverage.

Elliott, D. G.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Active cooling requirements for propellant storage

Recent NASA and DOD mission models have indicated future needs for orbital cryogenic storage and supply systems. Two thermal control systems which show the greatest promise for improving propellant storage life were evaluated. One system was an open cycle thermodynamic vent type with a refrigeration system for partial hydrogen reliquefaction located at the LH2 tank and a vapor cooled shield for integrated and non-integrated tank designs to reduce boiloff. The other was a closed system with direct refrigeration at the LH2 tank. A reversed Brayton cycle unit was baselined for the propellant processor. It is concluded that: (1) reliquefaction systems are not attractive for minimizing propellant boiloff; (2) open cycle systems may not be economically attractive for long term storage; (3) a number of refrigeration systems are available to assist in the long term storage of cryogenic propellants; and (4) shields can significantly improve the performance of mechanical coolers.

Klein, G. A.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Molecular absorption cryogenic cooler for liquid hydrogen propulsion systems

A light weight, long life molecular absorption cryogenic cooler (MACC) system is described which can use low temperature waste heat to provide cooling for liquid hydrogen propellant tanks for interplanetary spacecraft. Detailed tradeoff studies were made to evaluate the refrigeration system component interactions in order to minimize the mass of the spacecraft cooler system. Based on this analysis a refrigerator system mass of 31 kg is required to provide the .48 watts of cooling required by a 2.3 meter diameter liquid hydrogen tank.

Klein, G. A.↗