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Ko, Byung Hee

Publications and source records attributed to Ko, Byung Hee.

Highly Tunable Syngas Product Ratios Enabled by Novel Nanoscale Hybrid Electrolytes Designed for Combined CO 2 Capture and Electrochemical Conversion

Coupling renewable energy with the electrochemical conversion of CO 2 to chemicals and fuels has been proposed as a strategy to achieve a new circular carbon economy and help mitigate the effects of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. Liquid-like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials (NOHMs) are composed of polymers tethered to nanoparticles and are previously explored as CO 2 capture materials and electrolyte additives. Here, in this study, two types of aqueous NOHM-based electrolytes are prepared to explore the effect of CO 2 binding energy (i.e., chemisorption versus physisorption) on CO 2 electroreduction over a silver nanoparticle catalyst for syngas production. Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and Jeffamine M2070 (HPE) are ionically tethered to SiO 2 nanoparticles to form the amine-containing NOHM-I-PEI and ether-containing NOHM-I-HPE, respectively. At less negative cathode potentials, PEI and NOHM-I-PEI-based electrolytes produce CO at higher rates than 0.1 molal. KHCO 3 due to favorable catalyst-electrolyte interactions. Whereas at more negative potentials, H 2 production is favored because of the carbamate electrochemical inactivity. Conversely, HPE and NOHM-I-HPE-based electrolytes display poor CO 2 reduction performance at less negative potentials. At more negative potentials, their performance approached that of 0.1 molal. KHCO 3 , highlighting how the polymer functional groups of NOHMs can be strategically selected to produce value-added products from CO 2 with highly tunable compositions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Scalable Gas Diffusion Electrode Fabrication for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Using Physical Vapor Deposition Methods

Electrochemical CO 2 reduction (ECR) promises the replacement of fossil fuels as the source of feedstock chemicals and seasonal storage of renewable energy. While much progress has been made in catalyst development and electrochemical reactor design, few studies have addressed the effect of catalyst integration on device performance. Using a microfluidic gas diffusion electrolyzer, we systematically studied the effect of thickness and the morphology of electron beam (EB) and magnetron-sputtered (MS) Cu catalyst coatings on ECR performance. We observed that EB-Cu outperforms MS-Cu in current density, selectivity, and energy efficiency, with 400 nm thick catalyst coatings performing the best. Additionally, the superior performance of EB-Cu catalysts is assigned to their faceted surface morphology and sharper Cu/gas diffusion layer interface, which increases their hydrophobicity. Tests in a large-scale zero-gap electrolyzer yielded similar product selectivity distributions with an ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 39% at 200 mA/cm 2 , demonstrating the scalability for industrial ECR applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Alcohols

The vast quantities of fossil fuels used by our society have led to unprecedented atmospheric carbon dioxide levels with widespread climate impacts. Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to valuable fuels and chemicals is a promising technology to utilize carbon dioxide emitted from coal-fired power plants. In this project, the team developed an integrated electrolyzer system that takes the flue gas from the power plant and produce C2/C3 alcohols (i.e., ethanol and n-propanol) through a two-stage electrolysis process. The pretreated carbon dioxide from the flue gas is converted into carbon monoxide by the first stage carbon dioxide electrolysis, followed by the second stage where the produced carbon monoxide is further converted into liquid C2/C3 alcohols with a high selectivity and energy efficiency. Impact and anticipated fate of flue gas contaminants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, on the proposed technology was also evaluated. Furthermore, a full analysis of economics and life-cycle of the carbon dioxide electrolysis technology for carbon dioxide emissions mitigation from coal-fired power plants was conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility and carbon dioxide mitigation potential of the proposed technology.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library

Bimetallics are emerging as important materials that often exhibit distinct chemical properties from monometallics. However, there is limited access to homogeneously alloyed bimetallics because of the thermodynamic immiscibility of the constituent elements. Overcoming the inherent immiscibility in bimetallic systems would create a bimetallic library with unique properties. Here, we present a nonequilibrium synthesis strategy to address the immiscibility challenge in bimetallics. As a proof of concept, we synthesize a broad range of homogeneously alloyed Cu-based bimetallic nanoparticles regardless of the thermodynamic immiscibility. The nonequilibrated bimetallic nanoparticles are further investigated as electrocatalysts for carbon monoxide reduction at commercially relevant current densities (>100 mA cm -2 ), in which Cu 0.9 Ni 0.1 shows the highest multicarbon product Faradaic efficiency of ~76% with a current density of ~93 mA cm -2 . The ability to overcome thermodynamic immiscibility in multimetallic synthesis offers freedom to design and synthesize new functional nanomaterials with desired chemical compositions and catalytic properties.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗