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Laughlin, C. R.

Publications and source records attributed to Laughlin, C. R..

13 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Sampling problems

Precipitation estimates from satellites are subject to a number of uncertainties involving design characteristics, satellite positioning, natural variability of precipitation, and the noncontinuous acquisition of data. The sources and sizes of these uncertainties are in need of proper evaluation and estimation. The present sampling and estima-theory seems to be adequate for some measurement problems (e.g., determining precipitation at a point), while others require further theoretical work (e.g., determining the time history of precipitation over large areas).

Flueck, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

On the effect of temporal sampling on the observation of mean rainfall

Rainfall characteristics using data from dense recording raingage networks is reviewed. Data from such networks have quantified temporal and spatial rainfall distributions, and have supplied specialized information about local and orographic effects. The natural variability, temporally and spatially, for annual, seasonal, monthly, and individual events is treated. Especially important are the spatial variations of precipitation as a function of synoptic type, precipitation type, amount, and duration. Results from dense raingage networks in Illinois, and some data from other climatic regions is also treated.

Laughlin, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Remote sensing of the atmosphere from environmental satellites

The paper outlines the basis of remote sensing in satellite meteorology, the evolution of remote sensors, examples of practical applications, and a prospectus of future developments. The meteorological satellites use instrumentation sensitive to different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to observe and measure atmospheric and surface properties. In the ultraviolet, solar variability is measured and total atmospheric ozone determined. In the visible, imagery of cloud systems provides better location of storms in data-sparse areas, observes ice and snow boundaries, and monitors floods. Capabilities of microwave imagery are discussed along with successful uses of geosynchronous satellites. Future environmental satellite programs are discussed in some detail, including GARP, TIROS-N and CLIMSAT.

Allison, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Remote sensing of the atmosphere from environmental satellites

Various applications of satellite remote sensing of the earth are reviewed, including (1) the use of meteorological satellites to obtain photographic and radiometric data for determining weather conditions; (2) determination of the earth radiation budget from measurements of reflected solar radiation and emitted long wave terrestrial radiation; (3) the use of microwave imagery for measuring ice and snow cover; (4) LANDSAT visual and near infrared observation of floods and crop growth; and (5) the use of the Nimbus 4 backscatter ultraviolet instrument to measure total ozone and vertical ozone distribution. Plans for future activities are also discussed.

Allison, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Determination of the heat balance of the earth: Interpretation of radiation measurements from satellites

A method is developed for estimating the mean and mean-square variation of the flux at an altitude arbitrarily chosen to represent the top of the atmosphere. When applied to practical satellite measurements, the method is shown to be optimum in that the estimated mean is unbiased and the mean square variation of the estimates converges to that of the true flux. Data from the Meteor-1 and -2 satellites support the essential assumptions and provide a quantitative indication of the performance that can be expected.

Laughlin, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Traffic control system and method

Frequency of carrier received by aircraft is measured and compared with reference to indicate magnitude of Doppler shift. One Doppler frequency range is selected and indicated by digital signal. Difference between frequency is offset of apparent carrier frequency transmitted by aircraft.

Laughlin, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1967

Place experiment description

Experiment to demonstrate multiple access technique in Position Location and Aircraft Communication Equipment studies using ATS-F satellite for air traffic control

Allen, W. K.↗