The Optical Stochastic Cooling Program at Fermilab
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Engineering topics
Lebedev, V.
Publications and source records attributed to Lebedev, V..
Electron Cooling for the Antiproton Accumulator
A possibility to utilize electron cooling in the Fermilab Antiproton Accumulator (AA) is studied. It is shown that, for the existing stochastic cooling system and 0.5 Ampere x 10 m of electron cooler, the accumulated antiproton current could be increased up to 0.5-1.0 Ampere with required or lower longitudinal and transverse emittances.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Experimental demonstration of optical stochastic cooling
Particle accelerators and storage rings have been transformative instruments of discovery, and, for many applications, innovations in particle-beam cooling have been a principal driver of that success. Stochastic cooling (SC), one of the most important conceptual and technological advances in this area cools a beam through granular sampling and correction of its phase-space structure, thus bearing resemblance to a ‘Maxwell’s demon’. The extension of SC from the microwave regime up to optical frequencies and bandwidths has long been pursued, as it could increase the achievable cooling rates by three to four orders of magnitude and provide a powerful tool for future accelerators. First proposed nearly 30 years ago, optical stochastic cooling (OSC) replaces the conventional microwave elements of SC with optical-frequency analogues and is, in principle, compatible with any species of charged-particle beam. Here we describe a demonstration of OSC in a proof-of-principle experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory’s Integrable Optics Test Accelerator. The experiment used 100-MeV electrons and a non-amplified configuration of OSC with a radiation wavelength of 950 nm, and achieved strong, simultaneous cooling of the beam in all degrees of freedom. This realization of SC at optical frequencies serves as a foundation for more advanced experiments with high-gain optical amplification, and advances opportunities for future operational OSC systems with potential benefit to a broad user community in the accelerator-based sciences.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Ion Coulomb Crystals in Storage Rings for Quantum Information Science
Quantum information science is a growing field that promises to take computing into a new age of higher performance and larger scale computing as well as being capable of solving problems classical computers are incapable of solving. The outstanding issue in practical quantum computing today is scaling up the system while maintaining interconnectivity of the qubits and low error rates in qubit operations to be able to implement error correction and fault-tolerant operations. Trapped ion qubits offer long coherence times that allow error correction. However, error correction algorithms require large numbers of qubits to work properly. We can potentially create many thousands (or more) of qubits with long coherence states in a storage ring. For example, a circular radio-frequency quadrupole, which acts as a large circular ion trap and could enable larger scale quantum computing. Such a Storage Ring Quantum Computer (SRQC) would be a scalable and fault tolerant quantum information system, composed of qubits with very long coherence lifetimes. With computing demands potentially outpacing the supply of high-performance systems, quantum computing could bring innovation and scientific advances to particle physics and other DOE supported programs. Increased support of R$\&$D in large scale ion trap quantum computers would allow the timely exploration of this exciting new scalable quantum computer. The R$\&$D program could start immediately at existing facilities and would include the design and construction of a prototype SRQC. We invite feedback from and collaboration with the particle physics and quantum information science communities.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
The design of Optical Stochastic Cooling for IOTA
This report presents a journal version of the Design Report on the Optical Stochastic Cooling experiment to be carried out at IOTA ring in Fermilab later this year. It discusses the theory which experiment is based on, beam parameters, major requirements to the storage ring systems and technical details of the experiment implementation.
Instrumentation for particle accelerators↗
Beam physics research with the IOTA electron lens
The electron lens in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) will enable new research in nonlinear integrable optics, space-charge compensation, electron cooling, and the stability of intense beams. This research addresses scientific questions on high-brightness beams and operational challenges of high-power accelerators for nuclear and particle physics. We review the roles that electron lenses play in this field and the physical principles behind their applications. The design criteria and specifications for the IOTA storage ring and electron lens are then discussed. We conclude with a description of the components of the apparatus.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Conceptual design report: a ring-based electron cooling system for the EIC
This report describes a concept of an EIC cooling system, based on a proven induction-linac technology with a DC electron beam. The system would operate in a full energy range of proton beams (100–270 GeV) and would provide 50–100 A electron beams, circulating in a cooler ring for 5 ms. Every 5 ms a new electron pulse would be injected into the cooler ring to provide continuous cooling at collisions. Operations with a 10-ms cycle is possible but it will reduce the cooling rates by ~30%. The system is capable of delivering the required performance in the entire EIC energy range with emittance cooling times of less than 1–2 hours.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Study of Fluctuations in Undulator Radiation in the IOTA Ring at Fermilab
We study turn-by-turn fluctuations in the number of emitted photons in an undulator, installed in the IOTA electron storage ring at Fermilab, with an InGaAs PIN photodiode and an integrating circuit. In this paper, we present a theoretical model for the experimental data from previous similar experiments and in our present experiment, we attempt to verify the model in an independent and a more systematic way. Moreover, in our experiment we consider the regime of very small fluctuation when the contribution from the photon shot noise is significant, whereas we believe it was negligible in the previous experiments. Accordingly, we present certain critical improvements in the experimental setup that let us measure such a small fluctuation.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
2019 High Intensity Proton Beam Physics Studies at the Fermilab Booster [Slides]
Abstract not provided.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
RECENT RESULTS AND OPPORTUNITIES AT THE IOTA FACILITY
The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) was recently commissioned as part of the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility. The IOTA ring was briefly operated with electrons at 47 MeV followed by a 6-months run with 100 MeV electrons. The main goal of the first runwas to study beam dynamics in the integrable lattices with elliptical nonlinear magnets and in the quasi-integrable case with profiled octupole channel. The flexibility of the IOTA ring allowed a wide range of complementary studies, such as experiments with a single electron; studies of fluctuations in undulator radiation and operation with low emittance beams. Over the next year the proton injector will be installed and two runs carried out. One run will be dedicated to the refinement of nonlinear experiments and another will be dedicated to the proof-of-principle demonstration of Optical Stochastic Cooling.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Plasma Based Acceleration in Crystals and Nanostructures: Advantages and Limitations
The paper presents a short overview of main physics phenomena which determine how the beam can be accelerated in plasma, crystal or a nanotube.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Versatile Multi-MW Proton Facility with Synchrotron Upgrade of Fermilab Proton Complex
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Eldred, J.↗
Foil Scattering Model for Fermialb Booster
At the Fermilab Booster, and many other proton facili-ties, an intense proton beam is accumulated by multi-turn injection of an H- beam through a stripping foil. The circu-lating beam scatters off the injection foil and large-angle Coulomb scattering leads to uncontrolled losses concen-trated in the first betatron period. We measure the foil scat-tering loss rate in the Fermilab Booster as a function of LINAC current, number of injection turns, and time on the injection foil. We find that current Booster operation has ~1% foil scattering loss and we make projections for the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) injector upgrade. Here we present the results from our recent beam measure-ments and a foil scattering model analyses.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Stimulated Generation of Magnetrons powered below the Self-Excitation Threshold Voltage
Modern CW or pulsed superconducting accelerators of megawatts beams require efficient RF sources controllable in phase and power. It is desirable to have an individual RF power source with power up to hundreds of kW for each Superconductive RF (SRF) cavity. For pulsed accelerators the pulse duration in millisecond range is required. The efficiency of the traditional RF sources (klystrons, IOTs, solid-state amplifiers) in comparison to magnetrons is lower and the cost of unit of RF power is significantly higher. Typically, the cost of RF sources and their operation is a significant part of the total project cost and operation. The magnetron-based RF sources with a cost of power unit of 1-3 dollars per Watt would significantly reduce the capital and operation costs in comparison with the traditional RF sources. This arouses interest in magnetron RF sources for use in modern accelerators. A recently developed kinetic model describing the principle of magnetron operation and subsequent experiments resulted in an innovative technique producing the "stimulated" generation of magnetrons powered below the self-excitation threshold voltage. The magnetron operation in this regime is stable, low noise, controllable in phase and power, and provides higher efficiency than other types of RF power sources. It allows operation in CW and pulse modes (at large duty factor). For pulsed operation this technique does not require pulse modulators to form RF pulses. It also looks as a promising opportunity to extend magnetron life time. The developed technique, its experimental verification and a brief explanation of the kinetic model substantiating the technique are presented and discussed in this article.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron for Multi-Megawatt Proton Facility at Fermilab
The Fermilab accelerator complex delivers intense high-energy proton beams to a variety of fixed-target scientific programs, including a flagship long-baseline neutrino program. With the advent of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) program there is strong motivation for a 2.4 MW beam power upgrade of the Fermilab proton facility. We show the Fermilab proton facility can achieve 2.4~MW with a new rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) to replace the Fermilab Booster and we provide a comprehensive technical analysis of the RCS-based facility design. Past design efforts and operational experience at the Fermilab Booster, J-PARC RCS, and Oak Ridge SNS are leveraged to provide strong empirical precedent for the design. We provide a parametric study of slip-stacking accumulation, RCS extraction energy, space-charge limits, beampipe aperture, eddy current heating, injection foil heating, and lattice optics. The 2.4 MW benchm ark for the long baseline neutrino program is achieved independently of a previously proposed multi-GeV linac program, but we assess the impact the linac upgrade would have on RCS performance.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Optical Stochastic Cooling Program at Fermilab's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator
Beam cooling enables an increase of peak and average luminosities and significantly expands the discovery potential of colliders. Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) is a high-bandwidth cooling technique that will advance the present state-of-the-art, stochastic-cooling rate by more than three orders of magnitude. A proof-of-principle demonstration with protons or heavy ions involves prohibitive costs, risks and technological challenges; however, exploration of OSC with electrons is a cost-effective alternative for studying the beam-cooling physics, optical systems and diagnostics. The ability to demonstrate OSC was a key requirement in the design of Fermilab's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring. The IOTA program will explore the physics and technology of OSC in amplified and non-amplified configurations. We also plan to investigate the cooling and manipulation of a single electron stored in the ring. The OSC apparatus is currently being fabricated, and installation will begin in the fall of 2019. In this contribution, we will describe the IOTA OSC program, the upcoming passive-OSC experimental runs and ongoing preparations for an amplified-OSC experiment
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Study of Fluctuations in Undulator Radiation in the IOTA Ring at Fermilab
We study turn-by-turn fluctuations in the number of emitted photons in an undulator, installed in the IOTA electron storage ring at Fermilab, with an InGaAs PIN photodiode and an integrating circuit. In this paper, we present a theoretical model for the experimental data from previous similar experiments and in our present experiment, we attempt to verify the model in an independent and a more systematic way. Moreover, in our experiment we consider the regime of very small fluctuation when the contribution from the photon shot noise is significant, whereas we believe it was negligible in the previous experiments. Accordingly, we present certain critical improvements in the experimental setup that let us measure such a small fluctuation.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Beam Breakup Mitigation by Ion Mobility in Plasma Acceleration
Moderate ion mobility provides a source of damping in the plasma wakefield acceleration, which may serve as an effective remedy against the transverse instability of the trailing bunch. Ion mobility in the fields of the driving and trailing bunches is taken into account; the related effects are estimated for the FACET-II parameters.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗