Bioalcohol production from acidogenic products via a two-step process: A case study of butyric acid to butanol
This article presents the full study (lab-scale experimental study and large-scale techno-economic analysis) results of a two-step catalytic process for the conversion of organic waste–derived butyric acid to butanol. Butanol from biomass resources like organic waste promise to become an attractive and sustainable fuel and industrial precursor due to an increase in greenhouse gas content in the atmosphere. Therefore, research in this field is important for energy applications and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, a two-step process was applied in this study to produce butanol from butyric acid that can potentially be derived from organic waste. The two-step process consists of the (1) esterification of butyric acid to methyl butyrate and (2) hydrogenolysis of this methyl butyrate to butanol. The first reaction, esterification of butyric acid, was optimized using carbon-based catalysts. The production of butanol from methyl butyrate via hydrogenolysis was investigated using bimetallic Pt–Co catalysts. The hydrogenolysis of methyl butyrate on these catalysts under optimal conditions of 250 °C, 5 MPa H 2 , and a feed/catalyst weight ratio of 11.2 led to 54.1% selectivity toward 1-butanol. Based on the experimental results, an integrated process simulation model was developed to determine the economic potential of the two-step production of butanol from butyric acid. Using this model, the techno-economic feasibility of the two-step process was analyzed. Here, the minimum selling price (MSP) of 1-butanol produced from butyric acid using this process was US dollars 3.388 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE). This MSP is in the range of recent biofuel market prices of US dollars 2.03/GGE to US dollars 3.83/GGE.