Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Lee, K. F..
The U-slot rectangular patch antenna (Figure I) has been found experimentally to provide impedance and gain bandwidths of about 300 without the need of stacked or coplanar parasitic elements [1,2]. In this paper, simulation results of the U-slot patch using FDTD analysis are presented. Comparison with measured results are given.
Measured mutual coupling between two X-band electromagnetically coupled rectangular patch antennas is reported. Results are given for both the wideband and high gain regions as well as for E-plane and H-plane couplings.
Experimental results on the circular polarization (CP) characteristics of a two-layer electromagnetically coupled (EMCP) antenna are presented. Compared to the single CP patch antenna, the two-layer EMCP antenna with proper spacings can provide better axial ratio and directivity.
A parasitic subarray configuration combining the coplanar and stacked geometries is proposed and studied. It is numerically shown that a two-layer cross offers a gain enhancement of several decibels compared with either the coplanar cross or the two-layer electromagnetically coupled antenna. Preliminary experimental results appear to be in agreement with this estimate.
The cross polarization characteristics of rectantular patch antennas are studied experimentally. Data are presented showing the dependence of the copolarization to cross-polarization ratio on the aspect ratio in both the E and H planes. Three substrate thicknesses are included and the variation with resonant frequency is examined.
An experimental study of gain enhancement in microstrip antennas using identical parasitic patch directors is reported. The results indicate that, with two overlying parasitic directors, the gain of a rectangular microstrip antenna is enhanced from 4.7 dB to 10.6 dB, while the 3 dB beamwidth is reduced from 103 deg to 30 deg for the E-plane and from 70 deg to 35 deg for the H-plane. The three-layer electromagnetically coupled patch antenna exhibits similar antenna characteristics to those of the Yagi array, with over 120 dB gain and with about 1 percent bandwidth.
Theoretical results describing the crosspolarization characteristics of rectangular patch antennas are presented. Of particular interest is the result that the copolarization radiation is not sensitive to resonant frequency and substrate thickness while the crosspolarization component increases with resonant frequency and/or substrate thickness.
Experimental results on the characteristics of a two-layer electromagnetically coupled rectangular patch antenna are presented. The variations of pattern shape, 3 dB beam width, and impedance bandwidth with spacing s between the two layers are studied for s between 0 and 0.37 lambda (0). A relatively high-gain region is found for s between 0.31 lambda (0) and 0.37 lambda (0).
The characteristics of a parasitic microstrip antenna array with a center-fed patch are experimentally investigated. The parasitic array is composed of identical parasitic patches which are symmetrically arranged and electromagnetically coupled to a center-fed patch. The shape and dimensions of the parasitic patches and their positions relative to the center-fed patch are parameters in the study. To show mutual coupling effects between radiating and nonradiating edges of adjacent patches, the impedance and radiation characteristics of a three-element parasitic array excited with (0.1) mode are examined, and compared to that of a single patch. Experimental data indicate that the presence of parasitic patches has significant effects upon the gain, resonant frequency, and impedance bandwidth of the array.
Detailed experimental results on microstrip antennas consisting of one center-fed patch and several identical parasitic patches are presented. The effects of the number of elements and interelement spacing are studied for two configurations: a linear array and a five-element array. It is shown that placing identical parasitic elements adjacent to a fed patch permits broadside radiation patterns with significant enhancement in gain to be obtained without any degradation of the pattern characteristics.
The instability of the electromagnetic linearly polarized mode propagating perpendicularly to the magnetic field is studied for a system composed of two colliding plasma streams, in each of which the electrons and ions are streaming at the same velocity. Using linearized Vlasov-Maxwell equations and allowing for anisotropic temperatures, it is found that in the presence of streaming ions the instability can occur in very low-beta plasmas. The plasma is increasingly susceptible to the electromagnetic instability with increasing values of beta, streaming velocity, temperature ratio of parallel to perpendicular electrons, and temperature ratio of perpendicular electrons to perpendicular ions.
Electromagnetic instability growth in counterstreaming nonrelativistic plasmas, comparing electrostatic rate
Electromagnetic linearly polarized mode instability in counterstreaming plasmas with anisotropic temperatures using Vlasov equation
Elliptically polarized waves from low frequency propagation bands produced by two identical electron streams moving across magnetic field
Plasma diagnostics in electromagnetically driven shock tubes using laser scattering methods as compared to spectroscopic techniques
Stability of plasmas with two Maxwellian components of different drift velocities and temperatures, noting velocity thresholds and unstable modes
Current sheet velocities measured in coaxial plasma accelerators with and without refractory insulator linings