Engineering topics

Liu, W M

Publications and source records attributed to Liu, W M.

7 records

DOE OSTI2011

Nonlinear optical behavior of a four-level quantum well with coupled relaxation of optical and longitudinal phonons

We study analytically the characteristics of optical absorption and slow-light solitons in an asymmetrical four-level N configuration semiconductor quantum wells with the cross-coupling relaxation of longitudinal-optical phonons (CCRLOP). It is shown that, in the linear range, the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) depends on the coherence control of both the optical fields and the CCRLOP. A double EIT is obtained under a relatively strong optical field which is from the hole and antibonding states in the wide well. Especially, the double EIT becomes perfect under the condition of increasing the CCRLOP. In the nonlinear range, the CCRLOP has an important effect on both the amplitude and the group velocity of the solitons. The amplitude of solitons reveals parabolic changes which obtain a maximum value with the increase of CCRLOP. The group velocity of the solitons continuously slows down if there are fixed three-photon detunings. These results may have potential applications for all-optical switching and some optical information engineering in solid systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2011

Quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with spatially modulated cubic-quintic nonlinearities

We investigate exact nonlinear matter wave functions with odd and even parities in the framework of quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with spatially modulated cubic-quintic nonlinearities and harmonic potential. The existence condition for these exact solutions requires that the minimum energy eigenvalue of the corresponding linear Schroedinger equation with harmonic potential is the cutoff value of the chemical potential {lambda}. The competition between two-body and three-body interactions influences the energy of the localized state. For attractive two-body and three-body interactions, the larger the matter wave order number n, the larger the energy of the corresponding localized state. A linear stability analysis and direct simulations with initial white noise demonstrate that, for the same state (fixed n), increasing the number of atoms can add stability. A quasi-stable ground-state matter wave is also found for repulsive two-body and three-body interactions. We also discuss the experimental realization of these results in future experiments. These results are of particular significance to matter wave management in higher-dimensional BECs. - Highlights: > 2D Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with spatially modulated cubic-quintic nonlinearities and the harmonic potential are discussed. > 2D exact quantized nonlinear matter wave functions with the odd and even parities are obtained. > The 2D ground-state matter wave with attractive two-body and repulsive three-body interactions is stable. > Experimental realization of our results in future experiments is proposed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2011

Spontaneous crystallization of skyrmions and fractional vortices in fast-rotating and rapidly quenched spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

We investigate the spontaneous generation of crystallized topological defects via the combining effects of fast rotation and rapid thermal quench on spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). By solving the stochastic projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we show that, when the system reaches equilibrium, a hexagonal lattice of skyrmions and a square lattice of half-quantized vortices can be formed in a ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spinor BEC, respectively, which can be imaged by using the polarization-dependent phase-contrast method.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2011

Nonautonomous matter waves in a waveguide

We present a physical model that describes the transport of Bose-Einstein-condensed atoms from a reservoir to a waveguide. By using the similarity and Moebius transformations, we study nonautonomous matter waves in Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of an inhomogeneous source. Then, we find its various types of exact nonautonomous matter-wave solutions, including the W-shaped bright solitary waves, W-shaped and U-shaped dark solitary waves, periodic wave solutions, and rational solitary waves. The results show that these different types of matter-wave structures can be generated and effectively controlled by modulating the amplitude of the source. Our results may raise the possibility of some experiments and potential applications related to Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of an inhomogeneous source.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2011

Effect on cavity optomechanics of the interaction between a cavity field and a one-dimensional interacting bosonic gas

We investigate optomechanical coupling between one-dimensional interacting bosons and the electromagnetic field in a high-finesse optical cavity. We show that by tuning interatomic interactions, one can realize effective optomechanics with mechanical resonators ranging from side-mode excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to particle-hole excitations of a Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas. We propose that this unique feature can be formulated to detect the BEC-TG gas crossover and measure the sine-Gordon transition continuously and nondestructively.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2011

Functionalization of cubic boron nitride films with rhodamine B and their fluorescent properties

Fluorophore-functionalized cubic boron nitride (cBN) films grown by chemical vapor deposition were achieved by immobilizing rhodamine B isothiocyanate onto their surfaces. To perform the immobilization, the cBN substrates were modified with amino groups by photochemical reaction between hydrogen-terminated cBN surfaces and allylamine. The surface analysis of hydrogen-terminated cBN films surfaces and after functionalization with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified that rhodamine B was indeed attached to the cBN surfaces with covalent bonding. The rhodamine B-functionalized cBN surfaces showed significant variation in fluorescent spectra and confocal imaging upon the treatment in acidic or basic solutions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2011

Diffraction of Bose-Einstein condensates in quantized light fields

We investigate the atomic diffraction of Bose-Einstein condensates in quantized light fields. Situations in which the light fields are in number states or coherent states are studied theoretically. Analytical derivation and numerical calculation are carried out to simulate the dynamics of the atomic motion. In the condition that atoms are scattered by light in the number states with imbalanced photon-number distribution, the atomic transitions between different momentum modes would sensitively depend on the transition order and the photon-number distribution. The number-state nature of the light fields modifies the period of atomic momentum oscillations and makes forward and backward atomic transitions unequal. For light fields in coherent states, whether or not the intensities of the light fields are balanced, the atomic diffraction is symmetric and independent of the transition order.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗