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Marshall, F.

Publications and source records attributed to Marshall, F..

Swift /UVOT discovery of Swift J221951−484240: a UV luminous ambiguous nuclear transient

We report the discovery of Swift J221951−484240 (hereafter: J221951), a luminous slow-evolving blue transient that was detected by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (Swift/UVOT) during the follow-up of gravitational wave alert S190930t, to which it is unrelated. Swift/UVOT photometry shows the UV spectral energy distribution of the transient to be well modelled by a slowly shrinking blackbody with an approximately constant temperature of T ∼ 2.5 × 10 4 K. At a redshift z = 0.5205, J221951 had a peak absolute magnitude of M u,AB = −23 mag, peak bolometric luminosity Lmax = 1.1 x 10 45 ergs -1 and a total radiated energy of E > 2.6 × 10 52 erg. The archival Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer IR photometry shows a slow rise prior to a peak near the discovery date. Spectroscopic UV observations display broad absorption lines in N V and O VI, pointing towards an outflow at coronal temperatures. The lack of emission in the higher H α lines, N I and other neutral lines is consistent with a viewing angle close to the plane of the accretion or debris disc. The origin of J221951 cannot be determined with certainty but has properties consistent with a tidal disruption event and the turn-on of an active galactic nucleus.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

GRB 130427A: A Nearby Ordinary Monster

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are an extremely rare outcome of the collapse of massive stars and are typically found in the distant universe. Because of its intrinsic luminosity (L approx. 3 x 10(exp 53) ergs/s and its relative proximity (z = 0.34), GRB 130427A reached the highest fluence observed in the gamma-ray band. Here, we present a comprehensive multiwavelength view of GRB 130427A with Swift, the 2-meter Liverpool and Faulkes telescopes, and by other ground-based facilities, highlighting the evolution of the burst emission from the prompt to the afterglow phase. The properties of GRB 130427A are similar to those of the most luminous, high-redshift GRBs, suggesting that a common central engine is responsible for producing GRBs in both the contemporary and the early universe and over the full range of GRB isotropic energies.

Nearby↗

The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi Bright Blazars

We have conducted a detailed investigation of the broadband spectral properties of the gamma-ray selected blazars of the Fermi LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS). By combining our accurately estimated Fermi gamma-ray spectra with Swift, radio, infra-red, optical, and other hard X-ray /gamma-ray data, collected within 3 months of the LBAS data taking period, we were able to assemble high-quality and quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SED) for 48 LBAS blazars. The SED of these gamma-ray sources is similar to that of blazars discovered at other wavelengths, clearly showing, in the usual log v-log v Fv representation, the typical broadband spectral signatures normally attributed to a combination of low-energy synchrotron radiation followed by inverse Compton emission of one or more components. We have used these SED to characterize the peak intensity of both the low- and the high-energy components. The results have been used to derive empirical relationships that estimate the position of the two peaks from the broadband colors (i.e., the radio to optical, alpha(sub ro) , and optical to X-ray, alpha(sub ox), spectral slopes) and from the gamma-ray spectral index. Our data show that the synchrotron peak frequency (v(sup S) (sub peak)) is positioned between 10(exp 12.5) and 10(exp 14) Hz in broad-lined flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and between 10(exp 13) and 10(exp 17) Hz in featureless BL Lacertae objects. We find that the gamma-ray spectral slope is strongly correlated with the synchrotron peak energy and with the X-ray spectral index, as expected at first order in synchrotron-inverse Compton scenarios. However, simple homogeneous, one-zone, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models cannot explain most of our SED, especially in the case of FSRQs and low energy peaked (LBL) BL Lacs. More complex models involving external Compton radiation or multiple SSC components are required to reproduce the overall SED and the observed spectral variability. While more than 50% of known radio bright high energy peaked (HBL) BL Lacs are detected in the LBAS sample, only less than 13% of known bright FSRQs and LBL BL Lacs are included. This suggests that the latter sources, as a class, may be much fainter gamma-ray emitters than LBAS blazars, and could in fact radiate close to the expectations of simple SSC models. We categorized all our sources according to a new physical classification scheme based on the generally accepted paradigm for Active Galactic Nuclei and on the results of this SED study. Since the LAT detector is more sensitive to flat spectrum gamma-ray sources, the correlation between v(sup S) (sub peak) and gamma-ray spectral index strongly favors the detection of high energy peaked blazars, thus explaining the Fermi overabundance of this type of sources compared to radio and EGRET samples. This selection effect is similar to that experienced in the soft X-ray band where HBL BL Lacs are the dominant type of blazars.

Abdo, A. A.↗

BBXRT observations of supernova remnants

The Broad Band X-ray Telescope (BBXRT) was designed to perform sensitive, moderate resolution spectroscopy of cosmic X-ray sources in the 0.3-10 keV band from the Space Shuttle. During its nine-day flight in December, 1990, the BBXRT observed a variety of supernova remnants and related objects. We present results from some of these observations, emphasizing the ability of the BBXRT to perform spatially-resolved spectroscopy. The improved specral resolution and efficiency over previous instruments makes possible measurements of previously undetectable lines, and the broad bandpass allows simultaneous measurements of lines from oxygen through iron.

Petre, R.↗

Broad-band X-ray telescope observations of the magnetic cataclysmic variable H0538 + 608 = BY Camelopardalis

We report on BBXRT observations of the cataclysmic variable H0538 + 608 (BY Cam). The unexcelled energy resolution of BBXRT in the vicinity of the iron K line allows the line strength and energy to be constrained more tightly than has previously been possible. We are able to rule out a significant contribution from fluorescence on iron more neutral than Fe XVIII. Implications for the conditions in the accreting gas are discussed.

Kallman, T. R.↗

BBXRT and Ginga observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 335

We present new X-ray observations of Mrk 335 in the 0.4-10 keV band using BBXRT and in the 2-20 keV band with Ginga. The BBXRT data show a break to a softer spectrum below about 1 keV. The Ginga data show evidence for variability in absorption, uncorrelated with flux changes of the continuum source. The inconsistency between the opacity observed at the iron K edge and at softer X-ray energies implies that the absorber has an ionization state about FeXV. We suggest that the nuclear emission can be explained by a self-consistent pair cascade model as developed by Zdziarski et al. (1990) and Zdziarski and Coppi (1991), where the compactness parameter inferred from the spectral fits to both data sets is in good agreement with the value calculated from the ratio of observed X-ray luminosity and variability time scale.

Turner, T. J.↗

BBXRT and Ginga observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy MRK 335

We present new X-ray observations of Mrk 335 in the 0.4-10 keV band using the broadband X-ray telescope (BBXRT) and in the 2-18 keV band with Ginga. The BBXRT data show a gradual steepening of the spectrum to softer energies. We suggest that the nuclear emission can be explained by a self-consistent pair cascade model. The Ginga data show evidence for variability in absorption, uncorrected with flux changes of the continuum source. The inconsistency between the opacity observed at the iron K edge and at softer X-ray energies implies that the absorber has an ionization state BeXV.

Turner, T. J.↗

X-Ray Detector for 1 to 30 keV

Array of silicon X-ray detecting diodes measures photon energy and provides image of X-ray pattern. Regardless of thickness of new X-ray detector, depletion region extends through it. Impinging X-rays generate electrons in quantities proportional to X-ray energy. X-ray detector is mated to chargecoupled-device array for image generation and processing. Useful in industrial part inspection, pulsed-plasma research and medical application.

Alcorn, G.↗

The fluctuating and isotropic components of the cosmic X-ray background

Spatial fluctuations in the surface brightness of the extragalactic hard X-ray sky that are characteristic of distant unresolved discrete sources as well as the possible clumpiness of a hot universal plasma are being studied with the HEAO-1 A-2 experiment. The energy spectrum for this fluctuating component is directly compared to that of the isotropic background. The spectra of identified extragalactic objects recently obtained with experiments aboard both OSO-8 and HEAO-1 are used for examining the contribution of such sources to this fluctuating component of the background.

Boldt, E.↗