Engineering topics

Milanovic, Ivana M.

Publications and source records attributed to Milanovic, Ivana M..

7 records

NASA NTRS2005

An Isolated Circular Synthetic Jet in Cross-Flow at Low Momentum-Flux Ratio

A joint experimental and computational investigation was carried out for a round synthetic jet issuing normal to a turbulent boundary layer at a momentum-flux ratio of one. Distributions of velocity and turbulence intensity were measured by hot-wire anemometry. Numerical results were obtained using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) computations. Time and phase-averaged flow properties were compared on the cross sectional plane at x/D = 0.53, 5 and 10 as well as on the axial plane of symmetry. Overall, the numerical results agreed well with the experimental data. CFD predicted a somewhat larger velocity deficit in regions of low-momentum fluid pulled up from the boundary layer. Phase- averaged velocity contours at the plane of symmetry indicated good match between experiments and CFD regarding the size and the position of the periodic flow structure. However, some differences occurred in details such as the shape and inclination of the low-speed flow structure.

Milanovic, Ivana M.↗

NASA NTRS2004

An Experimental Study Synthetic Jets from Rectangular Orifices

Results of an experimental investigation on isolated synthetic jets in crossflow from rectangular orifices of different aspect ratio and orientation are presented. Three aspect ratios, AR = 4, 8, and 16, with pitch a = 90deg., were investigated, Additionally, the AR = 8 case was pitched at 20 deg.. The yaw angle, , was varied through 0 deg., 10 deg., 45 deg. and 90 deg.. All orifices had same exit area and the data were compared with synthetic as well as steady jet from a circular orifice of same area. Hotwire measurements were performed to obtain all three components of mean velocity and turbulent stresses. Data were acquired for momentum-flux ratio up to J = 50. Distributions of time- and phase-averaged data were obtained on the cross sectional plane at x/D = 0.5, 5 and 10, as well as on the axial plane of the symmetry. Qualitative flowfield similarity between synthetic and steady jets is observed. However, high-momentum 'cap' above the low-momentum 'dome', characteristic of steady jets, does not necessarily appear in the synthetic jet. The position and shape of the high-momentum region depend on the distance from the orifice, pitch, yaw as well as momentum-flux ratio. Consequently, the location of the minimum velocity in the 'dome' measured at the plane of symmetry, y(submin), is adopted as a reference for penetration estimate and trajectory comparison. For AR = 16, the dome is the largest in area with maximum velocity deficit. However, the penetration is somewhat higher for AR = 4. Increase in yaw reduces the spatial extent of the dome and the penetration height but augments the velocity deficit. At low J the dome is connected to the boundary layer and traces of the cap of high momentum fluid are visible above it. Increase in J lifts the dome and reorganizes the high-momentum fluid around its perimeter, eventually bringing it underneath. Phase-averaged data document dynamic topological changes within the cycle. Phase-averaged streamwise velocity contours on the cross-sectional plane exhibit behavior commensurate with that seen in time-averaged data at various J.

Milanovic, Ivana M.↗

NASA NTRS2003

Synthetic Jets in Cross-flow: Jets From Orifices of Different Geometry - Part 2

The flow fields of synthetic jets in a cross-flow from orifices of different geometry are investigated. The geometries include a straight, a tapered, a pitched and a cluster of nine orifices, all having the same cross-sectional area through which the perturbation is discharged into the cross-flow. The strength of the jet from the tapered orifice in comparison to that from the straight one is found to be only slightly enhanced. The flow field from the cluster of orifices, when viewed a few equivalent diameters downstream, is similar to that from the single orifice. However, the penetration is somewhat lower in the former case due to the increased mixing of the distributed jets with the cross-flow. The penetration for the pitched configuration is the lowest, as expected. The jet trajectories for the straight and pitched orifices are well represented by correlation equations available for steady jets-in-cross-flow. Distributions of streamwise velocity, vorticity as well as turbulence intensity are documented for various cases. In addition, distributions of phase-averaged velocity and vorticity for the cylindrical and the clustered orifices are presented providing an insight into the flow dynamics.

Milanovic, Ivana M.↗

NASA NTRS2003

Synthetic Jets

Current investigation of synthetic jets and synthetic jets in cross-flow examined the effects of orifice geometry and dimensions, momentum-flux ratio, cluster of orifices, pitch and yaw angles as well as streamwise development of the flow field. This comprehensive study provided much needed experimental information related to the various control strategies. The results of the current investigation on isolated and clustered synthetic jets with and without cross-flow will be further analyzed and documented in detail. Presentations at national conferences and publication of peer- reviewed journal articles are also expected. Projected publications will present both the mean and turbulent properties of the flow field, comparisons made with the data available in an open literature, as well as recommendations for the future work.

Milanovic, Ivana M.↗

NASA NTRS2003

Synthetic Jets in Cross-flow: Round Jet - Part 1

Results of an experimental investigation on synthetic jets from round orifices with and without cross-flow are presented. Jet Reynolds number up to 46,000 with a fully turbulent approach boundary layer, and Stokes number up to 400. are covered. The threshold of stroke length for synthetic jet formation. in the absence of the cross-flow, is found to be Lo /D approximately 0.5. Above Lo /D is approximately 10, the profiles of normalized centerline mean velocity appear to become invariant. It is reasoned that the latter threshold may be related to the phenomenon of saturation of impulsively generated vortices. In the presence of the cross-flow, the penetration height of a synthetic jet is found to depend on the momentum- flux ratio . When this ratio is defined in terms of the maximum jet velocity and the cross-flow velocity. not only all data collapse but also the jet trajectory is predicted well by correlation equation available for steady jets-in-cross-flow. Distributions of mean velocity, streamwise vorticity as well as turbulence intensity for a synthetic jet in cross-flow are found to be similar to those of a steady jet-in-cross-flow. A pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices, corresponding to the bound vortex pair of the steady case, is clearly observed. Mean velocity distribution exhibits a dome of low momentum fluid pulled up from the boundary layer, and the entire domain is characterized by high turbulence.

Zaman, K. B. M. Q.↗

NASA NTRS2003

An Experimental Study of Synthetic Jets from Rectangular Orifices

During the past two summers Professor Milanovic conducted Wind tunnel experiments on steady jets-in-cross-flow and synthetic jets. In her anticipated visit during the upcoming summer, she will continue and complete the research on synthetic jets involving 2-dimensional orifices of different aspect ratio as well as inclined slots. In addition, experiments will be conducted on pulsatile jets-in-cross-flow. The pulsation will be provided via an oscillating valve at controllable frequencies. The experiment will involve mainly hot-wire anemometer measurements in the low-speed wind tunnel. Overall goal will be to obtain database and investigate flow control strategies. The research will be of fundamental nature.

Milanovic, Ivana M.↗

NASA NTRS2002

Pitched and Yawed Circular Jets in Cross-Flow

Results from an experimental investigation of flow field generated by pitched and yawed jets discharging from a flat plate into a cross-flow are presented. The circular jet was pitched at alpha = 20 degrees and 45 degrees and yawed between beta = 0 degrees and 90 degrees in increments of 15 degrees. The measurements were performed with two X-wires providing all three components of velocity and turbulence intensity. These data were obtained at downstream locations of x = 3, 5, 10 and 20, where the distance x normalized by the jet diameter, is measured from the center of the orifice. Data for all configurations were acquired at a momentum-flux ratio J = 8. Additionally, for selected angles and locations, surveys were conducted for J = 1.5, 4, and 20. As expected, the jet penetration is found to be higher at larger alpha. With increasing beta the jet spreads more. The rate of reduction of peak streamwise vorticity, with the downstream distance is significantly lessened at higher alpha but is found to be practically independent of alpha. Thus, at the farthest measurement station x = 20, omega(sub xmax) is about five times larger for beta = 0 degrees compared to the levels at beta = 0 degrees. Streamwise velocity within the jet-vortex structure is found to depend on the parameter J. At J = 1.5 and 4, 'wake-like' velocity profiles are observed. In comparison, a 'jet-like' overshoot is present at higher J.

Milanovic, Ivana M.↗