Synoptic observations of coronal transients and their interplanetary consequences
Conclusions reached to date after 5 yr of pooled, extensive monitoring of the solar coronal mass ejection (CME) at the Hawaiian High Altitude Observatory, Skylab and with the SMM are reported. Additional white light data have been gathered with the OSO-7 and P78-1 spacecraft. CME provides 5 percent of the solar wind mass flux and was the dominant driving force in interplanetary shocks in the last solar maximum phase. Both bubble and cloud shapes have been observed in CME events, which are nearly ubiquitous in proton events. Each of the CME shapes possesses distinctive dynamical characteristics. Finally, steady emissions of soft X-rays have been identified as precursors to CMEs, which display some latitudinal confinement.
Michels, D. J.↗