Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Naugle, J. E..
The article surveys some of the concepts introduced and examined by a New Concepts Symposium convened by the NASA Advisory Council recently. Results are reported from the symposium's eight working groups: astrophysics, climate, communications and navigation, energy, large structures, planetary exploration, propulsion and transportation, and telefactors.
Current and planned NASA space programs are outlined. The major current activity is the development and installation of the Space Transportation System consisting of the Space Shuttle, Spacelab and upper stages for payload launching from the Shuttle. NASA's space sciences program includes spaceborne astronomy by means of the future Space Telescope and Spacelab instruments as well as the current HEAO and IUE satellites. In the area of solar-terrestrial physics, the Solar Maximum Mission and the Solar Polar Mission are scheduled for 1980 and 1983, respectively. Planetary programs generally include ground-based and flyby observations to specify planetary environments, exploration missions to acquire knowledge of planetary processes, history and evolution, and study missions to investigate specific problems. Missions underway include the Voyager mission to Jupiter and Saturn and the Pioneer Venus mission. Research involving the inner planets, the outer planets and asteroids and comets is being planned.
The space-research capabilities of the Space Shuttle System are assessed in a review of its systems and instrumentation, visualizing the beginning of a new era for science in space with the start of shuttle operations expected in 1979. The Shuttle parameters are listed and the Large Space Telescope and the Plasma Physics and Environmental Perturbation Laboratory of the Shuttle are described. The Shuttle-based research in astronomy, atmospheric and space physics, high-energy astrophysics, and relativity is discussed. The versatile capabilities of the Shuttle as a plasma laboratory, a source of perturbation, and observing platform, and a particle precipitator are noted.
By exploring the outer solar system, it is possible to go back in time and sample the conditions and the energetics of primitive solar nebula from which the sun and the planets are believed to have condensed. With the aid of particle detectors and magnetometers on a spacecraft going to the outer planets, it will be possible to study the gradients of the solar plasma, cosmic rays, and the interplanetary magnetic field. A number of questions regarding the outer solar system are examined, giving attention to problems of the origin of excess energy in the case of Jupiter, Jupiter radio emissions, problems of planetary meteorology, the rings of Saturn, and the planetary satellites. Critical in situ measurements are discussed together with exploratory missions, spacecraft characteristics, and aspects of preliminary mission design.
Three separate and distinct modes of using the space shuttle system have been identified. These modes include the boost of a spacecraft plus one or more propulsion stages into earth orbit or parking orbit, the establishment and maintenance of automated observatories in space, and the support of exploratory research and instrument development. Studies show that approximately 60% of all planned NASA missions require a shuttle third stage. Illustrations are presented to show how the largest spacecraft, Viking, and its propulsion system, Centaur, and a communications satellite, with an Agena stage to place it into a geostationary orbit, would fit into the shuttle. Results of the NASA Shuttle Sortie Workshop studies are discussed together with prospects of European cooperation in future workshop experiments.
An overview of the state of the art in international space transportation systems, covering current launch vehicles, the space shuttle system, and the related aspects of IR astronomy, space physics, and space biology. A phase-over from expendable vehicles to a shuttle-based reusable space transportation system is visualized in 1980.
Review of the current thinking on the space science, exploration, and application plans and policies that are to take advantage of the widened capabilities to be provided by the shuttle and the sortie mode of the shuttle. Present planning activities and plans for the next year are discussed.
Ossa R and D program noting budget allocations, satellite programs and international projects
Space exploration planning and possibilities for manned landing on moon, Mars, Venus, Jupiter and other planets
Objectives, current programs, and future mission options in space sciences and applications
NASA Space Science Program, discussing flight schedules, spacecraft under development, biosciences, geophysics, astronomy, lunar and planetary program and construction of facilities
Unmanned space flight, considering experiments, instrumentation, space probes and satellites
Energy spectrum for geomagnetically trapped protons in inner van allen belt, from nuclear emulsion experiments during icbm flight
Space science program - relation to education and physics teaching
Results of scientific satellites launched by nasa program
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