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Otsuka, T

Publications and source records attributed to Otsuka, T.

13 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Behavior of Tritium near Surface Region of Metals Exposed to Tritium Plasma

In order to understand behavior of tritium (T) on surface and in bulk of metals exposed to T plasma, both surface activities and depth profiles of T were periodically observed by a tritium imaging plate technique during storage in air at room temperature (RT) for over 1 year. In the T depth profiles, T localized within a depth of sub mm from the surface was clearly distinguished from T in the bulk. The former was attributed to strong trapping by some defects produced by the plasma exposure and remained quite longer during the storage, while the latter was released from the surfaces by diffusion. T surface activity measured on the plasma-exposed surface changed in a complicated way with time due to removal of T by isotopic replacement with H in ubiquitous H2O and T supply from the bulk in the course of the diffusional release.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Electron Capture Reactions and Beta Decays in Steller Environments

Electron capture reactions on Ni and Co isotopes are investigated by shell model calculations in steller environments. The capture rates depend sensitively on the distribution of the Gamow-Teller (GT) strength. The capture rates obtained by using GXPF1J Hamiltonian for fp-shell are found to be consistent with the rates obtained from experimental GT strength in {sup 58}Ni and {sup 60}Ni. Capture rates in Co isotopes, where there were large discrepancies among previous calculations, are also investigated. Beta decays of the N = 126 isotones are studied by shell model calculations taking into account both the GT and first-forbidden (FF) transitions. The FF transitions are found to be important to reduce the half-lives by twice to several times of those by the GT contributions only. Implications of the short half-lives of the waiting point nuclei on the r-process nucleosynthesis are discussed for various astrophysical conditions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Structure of Neutron-rich Calcium Isotopes and Roles of Three-body Interaction

Structure of neutron-rich calcium isotopes are studied by shell model calculations with the inclusion of three-body interactions. The three-body force induces repulsive contributions to the monopole terms of the valence neutron-neutron interaction Ground state energies of the isotopes, which have deviations from the experimental values near drip-lines only with the microscopic two-body interaction, are found to be well reproduced up to the observed ones when the three-body interaction is included. The excitation energies of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} state in {sup 48}Ca and {sup 54}Ca are found to be enhanced with the inclusion of the three-body interaction. The three-body force thus plays a key role for the magicity of {sup 48}Ca and {sup 54}Ca. The magnetic dipole (M1) strength in {sup 48}Ca, which is fragmented in case with the microscopic two-body interaction only, is found to be concentrated and pushed up to higher excitation energy when the three-body interarction is included. An important role of the multipole components is pointed out for the concentration of the strength.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Quadrupole collective dynamics from energy density functionals: Collective Hamiltonian and the interacting boson model

Microscopic energy density functionals have become a standard tool for nuclear structure calculations, providing an accurate global description of nuclear ground states and collective excitations. For spectroscopic applications, this framework has to be extended to account for collective correlations related to restoration of symmetries broken by the static mean field, and for fluctuations of collective variables. In this paper, we compare two approaches to five-dimensional quadrupole dynamics: the collective Hamiltonian for quadrupole vibrations and rotations and the interacting boson model (IBM). The two models are compared in a study of the evolution of nonaxial shapes in Pt isotopes. Starting from the binding energy surfaces of {sup 192,194,196}Pt, calculated with a microscopic energy density functional, we analyze the resulting low-energy collective spectra obtained from the collective Hamiltonian, and the corresponding IBM Hamiltonian. The calculated excitation spectra and transition probabilities for the ground-state bands and the {gamma}-vibration bands are compared to the corresponding sequences of experimental states.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Spectroscopic calculations of the low-lying structure in exotic Os and W isotopes

Structural evolution in neutron-rich Os and W isotopes is investigated in terms of the interacting boson model (IBM) Hamiltonian determined by (constrained) Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations with the Gogny-D1S energy density functional (EDF). The interaction strengths of the IBM Hamiltonian are produced by mapping the potential energy surface (PES) of the Gogny-EDF with quadrupole degrees of freedom onto the corresponding PES of the IBM system. We examine the prolate-to-oblate shape/phase transition which is predicted to take place in this region as a function of neutron number N within the considered Os and W isotopic chains. The onset of this transition is found to be more rapid compared to the neighboring Pt isotopes. The calculations also allow the prediction of spectroscopic variables (excited state energies and reduced transition probabilities) which are presented for the neutron-rich {sup 192,194,196}W nuclei, for which there is only very limited experimental data available to date.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

In-beam {gamma}-ray spectroscopy of {sup 35}Mg and {sup 33}Na

Excited states in the very neutron-rich nuclei {sup 35}Mg and {sup 33}Na were populated in the fragmentation of a {sup 38}Si projectile beam on a Be target at 83 MeV/u beam energy. We report on the first observation of {gamma}-ray transitions in {sup 35}Mg, the odd-N neighbor of {sup 34}Mg and {sup 36}Mg, which are known to be part of the 'island of inversion' around N=20. The results are discussed in the framework of large-scale shell-model calculations. For the A=3Z nucleus {sup 33}Na, a new {gamma}-ray transition was observed that is suggested to complete the {gamma}-ray cascade 7/2{sup +}{yields}5/2{sup +}{yields}3/2{sub gs}{sup +} connecting three neutron two-particle-two-hole intruder states that are predicted to form a close-to-ideal K=3/2 rotational band in the strong-coupling limit.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Structural evolution in Pt isotopes with the interacting boson model Hamiltonian derived from the Gogny energy density functional

Spectroscopic calculations are carried out for the description of the shape/phase transition in Pt nuclei in terms of the interacting boson model (IBM) Hamiltonian derived from (constrained) Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) calculations with the finite range and density-dependent Gogny-D1S energy density functional. Assuming that the many-nucleon driven dynamics of nuclear surface deformation can be simulated by effective bosonic degrees of freedom, the Gogny-D1S potential energy surface (PES) with quadrupole degrees of freedom is mapped onto the corresponding PES of the IBM. By using this mapping procedure, the parameters of the IBM Hamiltonian, relevant to the low-lying quadrupole collective states, are derived as functions of the number of valence nucleons. Merits of both Gogny-HFB and IBM approaches are utilized so that the spectra and the wave functions in the laboratory system are calculated precisely. The experimental low-lying spectra of both ground-state and sideband levels are well reproduced. From the systematics of the calculated spectra and the reduced E2 transition probabilities B(E2), the prolate-to-oblate shape/phase transition is shown to take place quite smoothly as a function of neutron number N in the considered Pt isotopic chain, for which the {gamma} softness plays an essential role. All of these spectroscopic observables behave consistently with the relevant PES and the derived parameters of the IBM Hamiltonian as functions of N. Spectroscopic predictions are also made for those nuclei that do not have enough experimental E2 data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Overview of Recent Tritium Experiments in TPE

Tritium retention in plasma-facing components influences the design, operation, and lifetime of fusion devices such as ITER. Most of the retention studies were carried out with the use of either hydrogen or deuterium. Tritium Plasma Experiment is a unique linear plasma device that can handle radioactive fusion fuel of tritium, toxic material of beryllium, and neutron-irradiated material. A tritium depth profiling method up to mm range was developed using a tritium imaging plate and a diamond wire saw. A series of tritium experiments (T2/D2 ratio: 0.2 and 0.5 %) was performed to investigate tritium depth profiling in bulk tungsten, and the results shows that tritium is migrated into bulk tungsten up to mm range.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2010

Cross-shell excitations near the ''island of inversion'': Structure of {sup 30}Mg

Excited states in {sup 30}Mg have been populated to {approx}6({h_bar}/2{pi}) and 5 MeV excitation energy with the {sup 14}C({sup 18}O,2p) reaction. Firm spin assignments for states with J>2({h_bar}/2{pi}) have been made in this nucleus. The level scheme is compared to shell-model calculations using the Universal sd effective interaction and the Monte Carlo shell model method. Calculations employing a full sd model space fail to reproduce the observed levels. The results indicate that excitations across the N=20 gap are required at relatively low excitation energy to achieve a description of the data. The incorporation of the f{sub 7/2} and p{sub 3/2} orbitals into the model space gives improved results but indicate the need for further refinement of the models to reproduce the observed spectra.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Collectivity at N=50: {sup 82}Ge and {sup 84}Se

The neutron-rich N=50 isotones {sup 82}Ge and {sup 84}Se were investigated using intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation on a {sup 197}Au target and inelastic scattering on {sup 9}Be. As typical for intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation with projectile energies exceeding 70 MeV/nucleon, only the first 2{sup +} states were excited in {sup 82}Ge and {sup 84}Se. However, in the inelastic scattering on a {sup 9}Be target, a strong population of the first 4{sup +} state was observed for {sup 84}Se, while there is no indication of a similarly strong excitation of the corresponding state in the neighboring even-even isotone {sup 82}Ge. The results are discussed in the framework of systematics and shell-model calculations using three different effective interactions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Recent Progress in Shell-Model Calculations for pfg-shell Nuclei

The structure of upper pf-shell nuclei is studied by the nuclear shell model, taking a model space consisting of four spherical single-particle orbits p{sub 3/2}, f{sub 5/2}, p{sub 1/2} and g{sub 9/2}. The effective interaction JUN45 is used, which is obtained by modifying empirically the renormalized G-matrix interaction. The oblate-prolate shape coexistence in {sup 68}Se is predicted consistently with the experimental observations, indicating the applicability of the shell model to the cases with moderate deformation. The calculated high-spin band structure highlights the important role played by the g{sub 9/2} orbit. The appearance of the j{sub p}-j{sub n} multiplets in {sup 88}Y is successfully described except for a few cases such as the 1{sub 1}{sup +} state, suggesting the good property of the effective proton-neutron interaction inherited from the renormalized G-matrix.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗