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Ozgur Karatekin

Publications and source records attributed to Ozgur Karatekin.

5 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2021

Water Heavily Fractionated as it Ascends on Mars as Revealed by ExoMars/NOMAD

Isotopic ratios, and in particular the water D/Hratio, are powerful tracers of the evolutionand transportof water on Mars. From measurements performed with ExoMars/NOMAD, we observe dramatic and rapid variability of the D/H along altitude on Mars and across the whole planet. The observations (from April 2018 to April 2019) sample a broad range of events on Mars, including aglobal dust storm, the evolution ofwater released from the southern polar cap during southern summer, the equinox phases, and a short but intense regional dust storm. In three instances, we observe water at very high altitudes (>80 km), the prime region where water is photo-dissociated andstarts its escape to space.Rayleigh distillation appears the be the driving force affecting the D/H in many cases, yet in someinstances,the exchange of water reservoirs with distinctive D/H could be responsible.

Geronimo L Villanueva↗
NASA NTRS2020

Comprehensive Investigation of Mars Methane and Organics with ExoMars/NOMAD

Methane (CH4) on Mars has attracted a great deal of attention since it was first detected in January 2003. As methane is considered a potential marker for past/present biological or geological activity, any possible detection would require evidence with strong statistical significance. Ethane (C2H6) and ethylene (C2H4) are also relevant chemical species as their shorter lifetimes in the Martian atmosphere make them excellent tracers for recent and ongoing releases. If detected, a CH4/C2Hn ratio could aid in constraining the potential source of organic production. Here we present the results of an extensive search for hydrocarbons in the Martian atmosphere in 240,000 solar occultation measurements performed by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/NOMAD instrument from April 2018 to April 2019. The observations are global, covering all longitudes and latitudes from 85°N to 85°S, and sampled from 6-100 km altitude with a typical vertical resolution of 2km. There were no statistically significant detections of organics and new stringent upper limits for global ethane and ethylene were set at 0.1 ppbv and 130.7 ppbv, respectively. No global background level of methane was observed, obtaining an upper limit of 0.06 ppbv, in agreement with early results from ExoMars (Korablev et al., 2019). Dedicated searches for localized plumes at more than 2000 locations provided no positive detections, implying that if methane were released in strong and rapid events, the process would have to be sporadic.

Elise W Knutsen↗
NASA NTRS2020

Toward More Realistic Simulation and Prediction of Dust Storms on Mars

Major (regional and global)dust storms dominate weather and climate variability on present-day Mars. Absorption and scattering of visible and IR radiation by dust strongly affect the thermal state of the thin Mars atmosphere, while dust provides condensation nuclei for water and CO2 cloud particles, which also affect radiative fluxes. Global dust storms (GDS) occur ~three times per Mars decade and to date have been observed in only northern fall and winter,when the global circulation is strongest. Tenfold increases in column dust opacity are typical during GDS, with intense vertical motions transporting dust to far higher altitudes than usual. The key processes and feedbacks that produce GDS remain poorly understood, hence current atmospheric models fail to self-consistently simulate observed dust storm activity. This means we have no predictive capability for when GDS may occur, either now or in Mars’s past. And crucially, due to the huge impact of GDS on the atmosphere and surface, our lack of ability to simulate realistic dust storms has major implications for Mars science and exploration: from understanding the present climate (§2.1),to modeling past climates and water cycles (§2.2), to exploring how wind, water, and dust cycles varied over time to interpret geology and assess potential habitability(§2.3), to quantifying and mitigating risks posed to Mars missions (§2.4)

Claire E Newman↗
NASA NTRS2019

No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations

The detection of methane on Mars has been interpreted as indicating that geochemical or biotic activities could persist on Mars today. A number of different measurements of methane show evidence of transient, locally elevated methane concentrations and seasonal variations in background methane concentrations. These measurements, however, are difficult to reconcile with our current understanding of the chemistry and physics of the Martian atmosphere, which—given methane’s lifetime of several centuries—predicts an even, well mixed distribution of methane. Here we report highly sensitive measurements of the atmosphere of Mars in an attempt to detect methane, using the ACS and NOMAD instruments onboard the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter from April to August 2018. We did not detect any methane over a range of latitudes in both hemispheres, obtaining an upper limit for methane of about 0.05 parts per billion by volume, which is 10 to 100 times lower than previously reported positive detections. We suggest that reconciliation between the present findings and the background methane concentrations found in the Gale crater would require an unknown process that can rapidly remove or sequester methane from the lower atmosphere before it spreads globally.

Michael Doyle Smith↗