Engineering topics

Park, Keonwoo

Publications and source records attributed to Park, Keonwoo.

4 records

DOE OSTI2026

Elucidating Compositional Differences in Halide Perovskites for Normal and Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Over the recent few years, extensive research efforts have shifted from normal (n-i-p) to inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to their promising efficiency and operational stability, enabled by low-temperature processing. Despite a fundamentally identical operation principle (only structurally inverted), the optimized perovskite compositions for normal and inverted PSCs differ significantly across the literature, suggesting an underlying design principle for perovskite composition. Here, we unveil the role of cesium cation in enhancing interfacial contact between the perovskite layer and the underlying hole-transporting layer (HTL) in inverted PSCs. Comprehensive in situ and device characterization reveal that cesium incorporation promotes the formation of initial nucleation seeds for heterogeneous nucleation at the perovskite/hydrophobic HTL interface, thereby improving their contact. The resulting compositional heterogeneity explains the focus of recent studies on resolving this issue. This study provides mechanistic insight into designing perovskite compositions to further enhance the performance and longevity of PSCs.

Park, Keonwoo↗

DOE OSTI2023

Atmospheric Humidity Underlies Irreproducibility of Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are infamous for their batch-to-batch and lab-to-lab irreproducibility in terms of stability and performance. Reproducible fabrication of PSCs is a critical requirement for market viability and practical commercialization. PSC irreproducibility plagues all levels of the community; from institutional research laboratories, start-up companies, to large established corporations. Here, in this work, the critical function of atmospheric humidity to regulate the crystallization and stabilization of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI 3 ) perovskites is unraveled. It is demonstrated that the humidity content during processing induces profound variations in perovskite stoichiometry, thermodynamic stability, and optoelectronic quality. Almost counterintuitively, it is shown that the presence of humidity is perhaps indispensable to reproduce phase-stable and efficient FAPbI 3 -based PSCs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2022

Stability-limiting heterointerfaces of perovskite photovoltaics

Optoelectronic devices consist of heterointerfaces formed between dissimilar semiconducting materials. The relative energy level alignment between contacting semiconductors determinately affects the heterointerface charge injection and extraction dynamics. For perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the heterointerface between the top perovskite surface and a charge-transporting material (CTM) is often treated for defect passivation to improve PSC stability and performance. However, such surface treatments could also affect the heterointerface energetics. Here we show that surface treatments may induce a negative work function shift (i.e. more n-type), which activates halide migration to aggravate PSC instability. Therefore, despite the beneficial effects of surface passivation, this detrimental side effect limits the maximum stability improvement attainable for PSCs treated in these ways. Furthermore, this trade-off between the beneficial and detrimental effects should guide further work on improving PSC stability via surface treatments.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Alloying–realloying enabled high durability for Pt–Pd-3d-transition metal nanoparticle fuel cell catalysts

Abstract Alloying noble metals with non-noble metals enables high activity while reducing the cost of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, under fuel cell operating conditions, state-of-the-art oxygen reduction reaction alloy catalysts either feature high atomic percentages of noble metals (>70%) with limited durability or show poor durability when lower percentages of noble metals (<50%) are used. Here, we demonstrate a highly-durable alloy catalyst derived by alloying PtPd (<50%) with 3d-transition metals (Cu, Ni or Co) in ternary compositions. The origin of the high durability is probed by in-situ/operando high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis of atomic phase structures and strains, revealing an important role of realloying in the compressively-strained single-phase alloy state despite the occurrence of dealloying. The implication of the finding, a striking departure from previous perceptions of phase-segregated noble metal skin or complete dealloying of non-noble metals, is the fulfilling of the promise of alloy catalysts for mass commercialization of fuel cells.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗