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Richards, W.

Publications and source records attributed to Richards, W..

15 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Spatial frequency doubling - Retinal or central

When a wide field is sinusoidally modulated both in space and in time, the spatial frequency of the pattern will appear doubled at high rates of modulation. Kelly (1966) proposed that this illusion is due to temporal integration of the nonlinear brightness response of the visual system. The anatomical locus of this temporal integrator is uncertain, and could be subcortical. Results indicate that spatial frequency doubling follows binocular disparity detection and is thus a cortical phenomenon.

Richards, W.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Response functions for sine- and square-wave modulations of disparity.

Depth sensations cannot be elicited by modulations of disparity that are more rapid than about 6 Hz, regardless of the modulation amplitude. Vergence tracking also fails at similar modulation rates, suggesting that this portion of the oculomotor system is limited by the behavior of disparity detectors. For sinusoidal modulations of disparity between 1/2 to 2 deg of disparity, most depth-response functions exhibit a low-frequency decrease that is not observed with square-wave modulations of disparity.

Richards, W.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Disparity masking.

Demonstration that the depth sensations normally associated with disparity may be cancelled or reduced by the addition of small, extraneous surround objects. For example, when a large bar is altered by adding much smaller bars to its ends, the disparity of the added ends plays a very significant role in the depth of the original bar. If the sign of the disparity of the added ends is opposite that of the larger inner bar, the depth of the configuration may be lost completely or be reversed in reference to the fixation plane. The effects of such small surrounds upon the primary central stimulus reveal new properties of stereoscopic mechanisms and have implications for electrophysiological studies.

Richards, W.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Effects of voluntary eye movement and convergence on the binocular appreciation of depth.

Scaling techniques were employed to establish the relation between perceived distance ratio and physical distance ratio. Measurements were made both with and without free eye movement and under two states of convergence. The results were confirmed using a matching technique. With free eye movement, the perceived ratio is a monotonic increasing function of the physical ratio. Without eye movement, the perceived ratio generally increases, then decreases, as the physical ratio increases. For a given physical ratio, perceived distance ratio is less in the absence of voluntary eye movements. Convergence produces depth micropsia when eye movements are permitted, but not in their absence.

Foley, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

One-stage model for color conversion.

Description of a one-stage approximation to the color-conversion model of Richards and Parks (1971). The modified model proposes three channels for color vision, each with different center-surround sensitivities. In its strongest form, the model predicts that the gain-setting control that alters the sensitivities of each channel is solely a function of achromatic contrast.

Richards, W.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Impaired motion detection preceding smooth eye movements.

Experiments have been carried out that suggest that the observed psychophysical impairment of motion detection in man may not occur equally over the entire visual field. Instead, if impaired motion detection is a consequence of redirection of 'attention' to another portion of the visual field, then movement detection may be impaired the most in the fovea and the least in the region of the subsequent target.

Richards, W.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Model for color conversion

Color conversion model of equivalences under various illuminants, reducing problem to chromatic adaptation with nonlinear von Kries formulation

Parks, E. A.↗
NASA NTRS1969

Saccadic suppression.

Stiles-Crawford effect measurements before and following eye movements to determine retina shearing during eye movements

Richards, W.↗