Fractional magnetic charges and channeling of Faraday lines by disclinations in artificial spin ice
We have studied the magnetic moments of artificial spin ice arrays of nanomagnets in both undistorted square arrays and in arrays with a topological defect induced by a single disclination. We confirm that the disclination induces global, macroscopic changes in the low-energy collective states of the nanomagnet moment configuration. Specifically, the disclination leads to Faraday lines of effective magnetic flux that run from the center all the way to the edge of the arrays. Moreover, the geometric deformation, induced by the topological defect, curves the geometry such that these Faraday lines are channeled preferentially by the arrays’ curved geometry. Our results demonstrate how the intentional combination of topology and geometry can be designed to control magnetic charges and the flow of local magnetization and thus manipulate associated collective excitations.