Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Shapira, J..
Ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase from spinach has been bound to arylamine porous glass with a diazo linkage and to alklamine porous glass with glutaraldehyde. Stability at elevated temperatures and responses to changes of pH and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate, Mg(2+), and dithiothreitol concentrations were not significantly different from the soluble enzyme, though stability at 4 C was somewhat improved.
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Experiments in which dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was used as nutrient for growing rats have not fulfilled the expectation that DHA could be used as a significant portion of the diet. Any attempt to treat major cerebral damage by prolonged administration of DHA is strongly contraindicated. For this reason, regenerated formose mixtures containing appreciable amounts of DHA will not be suitable as a significant portion of the diet for the crews of long-duration space missions.
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Food utility calculation for various formose sugar treatments as valid qualitative measure of relative effects of dietary materials
Yeasts growth on synthetic carbohydrates with crude formose sugars, discussing application as regenerating food in long term closed life support system
The raw materials for the synthesis of food for the crew of a spacecraft would be the major metabolic products carbon dioxide and water. Synthetic processes could develop carbohydrates, fats, or proteins. The one potential method of sugar synthesis which has received most attention makes use of the formose reaction. Various aspects of this method are discussed, giving attention also to the nutritional qualities of formose sugars. Questions regarding the utilization of glycerol, propylene glycol, and ethanol as dietary components are also examined. The possibility is considered to use the triglyceride triacetin as food. The use of free amino acids does not appear promising. Methods are described for the synthesis of formaldehyde from carbon dioxide and the synthesis of glycerol from formaldehyde.
Potential foods synthesis for long duration space missions by physiochemical methods, discussing regeneration of carbohydrates from metabolical waste carbon dioxide and electrolytic byproduct hydrogen
Formose sugars production from formaldehyde, discussing economic conversion by catalytic reactions
Physicochemical synthesis of food for long term space flights
Dietary effects of formose sugars ingestion, investigating toxic mechanisms involved
Glucose and fructose extraction from formose sugar mixtures by enzymatic methods using hexokinase reaction
Regenerated nutrients as foods for long duration space missions, discussing physicochemical methods for metabolic waste products conversion into safe synthetic nutrient compounds
Material recovery from metabolic and other wastes for long duration manned space missions, discussing carbon dioxide removal, bioregenerative food systems, etc
Sugars identification as trifluoethylacetyl polyol derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography
Regenerative life support system development, considering synthesized organic compounds and microorganisms as foods for long duration space missions
Hydrogenomonas eutropha as potential regenerated food for long duration space missions, discussing weanling rat prolonged feeding studies