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Sharma, Neeraj

Publications and source records attributed to Sharma, Neeraj.

7 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Importance of Superstructure in Stabilizing Oxygen Redox in P3‐Na 0.67 Li 0.2 Mn 0.8 O 2

Abstract Activation of oxygen redox represents a promising strategy to enhance the energy density of positive electrode materials in both lithium and sodium‐ion batteries. However, the large voltage hysteresis associated with oxidation of oxygen anions during the first charge represents a significant challenge. Here, P3‐type Na 0.67 Li 0.2 Mn 0.8 O 2 is reinvestigated and a ribbon superlattice is identified for the first time in P3‐type materials. The ribbon superstructure is maintained over cycling with very minor unit cell volume changes in the bulk while Li ions migrate reversibly between the transition metal and Na layers at the atomic scale. In addition, a range of spectroscopic techniques reveal that a strongly hybridized Mn 3d–O 2p favors ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer, also described as a reductive coupling mechanism, to stabilize reversible oxygen redox. By preparing materials under three different synthetic conditions, the degree of ordering between Li and Mn is varied. The sample with the maximum cation ordering delivers the largest capacity regardless of the voltage windows applied. These findings highlight the importance of cationic ordering in the transition metal layers, which can be tuned by synthetic control to enhance anionic redox and hence energy density in rechargeable batteries.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Consequences of long-term water exposure for bulk crystal structure and surface composition/chemistry of nickel-rich layered oxide materials for Li-ion batteries

Water exposure of layered nickel-rich transition metal oxide electrodes, widely used in high-energy lithium-ion batteries, has detrimental effects on the electrochemical performance, which complicates electrode handling and prevents implementation of environmentally benign aqueous processing procedures. Elucidating the degradation mechanisms in play may help rationally mitigate/circumvent key challenges. Here, the bulk structural consequences of long-term (>2.5 years) deuterated water (D2O) exposure of intercalation materials with compositions Li x Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (NCM523) and Li x Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811) are studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD). Detailed inspection of the NPD data reveals gradual formation of a secondary crystalline phase in all exposed samples, not previously reported for this system. This unknown phase forms faster in liquid- compared to vapor-exposed compounds. Structural modelling of the NPD data shows a stable level of Li/Ni anti-site defects and does not indicate any significant changes in lattice parameters or hydrogen-lithium (D + /Li + ) exchange in the structure. Consequently, the secondary phase formation must take place via transformation rather than modification of the parent material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data indicate formation of LiHCO 3 /Li 2 CO 3 at the surface and a Li-deficient oxide in the sub-surface region of the pristine compounds, and the presence of adsorbed water and transition metal hydroxides at the exposed sample surfaces.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Structure-electrochemical evolution of a Mn-rich P2 Na 2/3 Fe 0.2 Mn 0.8 O 2 Na-ion battery cathode

The structural evolution of electrode materials directly influences the performance of sodium-ion batteries. In this work, in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction is used to investigate the evolution of the crystal structure of a Mn-rich P2-phase Na 2/3 Fe 0.2 Mn 0.8 O 2 cathode. A single-phase reaction takes place for the majority of the discharge–charge cycle at ~C/10, with only a short, subtle hexagonal P2 to hexagonal P2 two-phase region early in the first charge. Thus, a higher fraction of Mn compared to previous studies is demonstrated to stabilize the P2 structure at high and low potentials, with neither “Z”/OP4 phases in the charged state nor significant quantities of the P'2 phase in the discharged state between 1.5 and 4.2 V. Notably, sodium ions inserted during discharge are located on both available crystallographic sites, albeit with a preference for the site sharing edges with the MO 6 octahedral unit. The composition Na ~0.70 Fe 0.2 Mn 0.8 O 2 prompts a reversible single-phase sodium redistribution between the two sites. Sodium ions vacate the site sharing faces (Naf), favoring the site sharing edges (Nae) to give a Nae/Naf site occupation of 4:1 in the discharged state. This site preference could be an intermediate state prior to the formation of the P'2 phase. Furthermore, this work shows how the Mn-rich Na 2/3 Fe 0.2 Mn 0.8 O 2 composition and its sodium-ion distribution can minimize phase transitions during battery function, especially in the discharged state.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Proton conducting materials

Materials are provided that may be useful as ionomers or polymer ionomers, including compounds including bis sulfonyl imide groups which may be highly fluorinated and may be polymers.

Hamrock, Steven J.↗
DOE OSTI2014

Crystal structures of orthorhombic, hexagonal, and cubic compounds of the Sm{sub (x)}Yb{sub (2−x)}TiO{sub 5} series

A series of single phase compounds with nominal stoichiometry Sm{sub (x)}Yb{sub (2−x)}TiO{sub 5} (x=2, 1.4, 1, 0.6, and 0) have been successfully fabricated to generate a range of crystal structures covering the most common polymorphs previously discovered in the Ln{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} series (Ln=lanthanides and yttrium). Four of the five samples have not been previously fabricated in bulk, single phase form so their crystal structures are refined and detailed using powder synchrotron and single crystal x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the phase information from diffraction data, there are four crystal structure types in this series; orthorhombic Pnma, hexagonal P6{sub 3}/mmc, cubic (pyrochlore-like) Fd-3m and cubic (fluorite-like) Fm-3m. The cubic materials show modulated structures with variation between long and short range ordering and the variety of diffraction techniques were used to describe these complex crystal structure types. - Graphical abstract: A high resolution image of the compound Sm{sub 0.6}Yb{sub 1.4}TiO{sub 5} showing contrast from lattice fringes and the corresponding fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the HREM image with pyrochlore related diffraction spots marked “P” and fluorite marked “F”. The crystal is oriented down the [1 1 0] zone axis based on the Fd-3m structure. The ideal crystal structure (no vacancies) of the cubic, pyrochlore-like (Sm{sub 0.6}Yb{sub 1.4}TiO{sub 5}). - Highlights: • First fabrication of bulk single-phase material with stoichiometry Sm{sub 2}TiO{sub 5}. • Systematic study of crystal structure types within Ln{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} series (Ln=lanthanides). • A novel technique using IFFT of HREM images to study cubic structures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Proton conducting materials

Materials are provided that may be useful as ionomers or polymer ionomers, including compounds including bis sulfonyl imide groups which may be highly fluorinated and may be polymers.

Hamrock, Steven J.↗