Engineering topics
Shi, Yan
Publications and source records attributed to Shi, Yan.
circRNA{sub 0}084043 promote malignant melanoma progression via miR-153-3p/Snail axis
Highlights: • circRNA{sub 0}084043 was significantly up-regulated in melanoma tissue. • circRNA{sub 0}084043 promotes melanoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration. • circRNA{sub 0}084043 directly binds to miR-153-3p, and Snail is directly targeted by miR-153-3p. • circRNA{sub 0}084043 act as the sponge of miR-153-3p to up-regulate Snail expression, and consequently function as an oncogene in melanoma. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been found to play an important role in the regulation of multiple diseases, and participate in cancer development. However, the role of circRNA in malignant melanoma has not been reported. In this study, human circRNA microarray was used to screen the dysregulated circRNA in melanoma. We found that circRNA{sub 0}084043 was significantly up-regulated in melanoma tissue, and the result was replicated in a larger sample size. High circRNA{sub 0}084043 expression was an independent risk factor of overall survival in melanoma patients. circRNA{sub 0}084043 promotes melanoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that circRNA{sub 0}084043 directly binds to miR-153-3p, and Snail is directly targeted by miR-153-3p. We also demonstrated that circRNA{sub 0}084043 may act as the sponge of miR-153-3p to up-regulate Snail expression, and consequently function as an oncogene in melanoma. Overall, this result elucidates a new mechanism for circRNA{sub 0}084043 in melanoma development and provides a potential therapeutic target for melanoma patients.
Shallow Cumulus (SHALLOWCUMULUS) Value-Added Product Report
Periods of shallow cumulus clouds are identified automatically at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) observatory in order to help determine times of interest for Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and Observation (LASSO) modeling efforts. This value-added data product (VAP) uses input from the Cloud Type (CLDTYPE) VAP (with cloud types determined from Active Remotely Sensed Cloud Locations [ARSCL] VAP cloud boundaries), the ceilometer, and the total sky imager (TSI). The data set uses an hourly temporal resolution and only classifies events as shallow cumulus when low clouds are detected for at least 1.5 hours and meet specified criteria for cloud occurrence and cloud fraction. In addition to time periods that contain just shallow cumulus, cases with overlying cirrus and a number of transitional cases (transitions to/from cirrus, stratus, and altocumulus/altostratus) are also identified.
Ceilometer (CEIL): planetary boundary-layer heights
Ceilometer (CEIL): planetary boundary-layer heights
Marine Precipitation Measurements
Output data product from the ORG/Siphon Rain Gauge Instrument.
Three-dimensional mesostructures as high-temperature growth templates, electronic cellular scaffolds, and self-propelled microrobots
Recent work demonstrates that processes of stress release in prestrained elastomeric substrates can guide the assembly of sophisticated 3D micro/nanostructures in advanced materials. Reported application examples include soft electronic components, tunable electromagnetic and optical devices, vibrational metrology platforms, and other unusual technologies, each enabled by uniquely engineered 3D architectures. A vast disadvantage of these systems is that the elastomeric substrates, while essential to the assembly process, can impose significant engineering constraints in terms of operating temperatures and levels of dimensional stability; they also prevent the realization of 3D structures in freestanding forms. In this work, we introduce concepts in interfacial photopolymerization, nonlinear mechanics, and physical transfer that bypass these limitations. The results enable 3D mesostructures in fully or partially freestanding forms, with additional capabilities in integration onto nearly any class of substrate, from planar, hard inorganic materials to textured, soft biological tissues, all via mechanisms quantitatively described by theoretical modeling. Illustrations of these ideas include their use in 3D structures as frameworks for templated growth of organized lamellae from AgCl–KCl eutectics and of atomic layers of WSe 2 from vapor-phase precursors, as open-architecture electronic scaffolds for formation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neural networks, and as catalyst supports for propulsive systems in 3D microswimmers with geometrically controlled dynamics. Taken together, these methodologies establish a set of enabling options in 3D micro/nanomanufacturing that lie outside of the scope of existing alternatives.
Cloud Type Classification (cldtype) Value-Added Product
The Cloud Type (cldtype) value-added product (VAP) provides an automated cloud type classification based on macrophysical quantities derived from vertically pointing lidar and radar. Up to 10 layers of clouds are classified into seven cloud types based on predetermined and site-specific thresholds of cloud top, base and thickness. Examples of thresholds for selected U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility sites are provided in Tables 1 and 2. Inputs for the cldtype VAP include lidar and radar cloud boundaries obtained from the Active Remotely Sensed Cloud Location (ARSCL) and Surface Meteorological Systems (MET) data. Rain rates from MET are used to determine when radar signal attenuation precludes accurate cloud detection. Temporal resolution and vertical resolution for cldtype are 1 minute and 30 m respectively and match the resolution of ARSCL. The cldtype classification is an initial step for further categorization of clouds. It was developed for use by the Shallow Cumulus VAP to identify potential periods of interest to the LASSO model and is intended to find clouds of interest for a variety of users.
Discovery and Characterization of Novel Nonsubstrate and Substrate NAMPT Inhibitors
Cancer cells are highly reliant on NAD+-dependent processes, including glucose metabolism, calcium signaling, DNA repair, and regulation of gene expression. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD+ salvage from nicotinamide, has been investigated as a target for anticancer therapy. Known NAMPT inhibitors with potent cell activity are composed of a nitrogen-containing aromatic group, which is phosphoribosylated by the enzyme. Here, we identified two novel types of NAM-competitive NAMPT inhibitors, only one of which contains a modifiable, aromatic nitrogen that could be a phosphoribosyl acceptor. Both types of compound effectively deplete cellular NAD+, and subsequently ATP, and produce cell death when NAMPT is inhibited in cultured cells for more than 48 hours. Careful characterization of the kinetics of NAMPT inhibition in vivo allowed us to optimize dosing to produce sufficient NAD+ depletion over time that resulted in efficacy in an HCT116 xenograft model. Our data demonstrate that direct phosphoribosylation of competitive inhibitors by the NAMPT enzyme is not required for potent in vitro cellular activity or in vivo antitumor efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1236–45.
Generating multiple orbital angular momentum vortex beams using a metasurface in radio frequency domain
In this paper, an electromagnetic metasurface is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to generate multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams in radio frequency domain. Theoretical formula of compensated phase-shift distribution is deduced and used to design the metasurface to produce multiple vortex radio waves in different directions with different OAM modes. The prototype of a practical configuration of square-patch metasurface is designed, fabricated, and measured to validate the theoretical analysis at 5.8 GHz. The simulated and experimental results verify that multiple OAM vortex waves can be simultaneously generated by using a single electromagnetic metasurface. The proposed method paves an effective way to generate multiple OAM vortex waves in radio and microwave wireless communication applications.