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Shmayda, C. R.

Publications and source records attributed to Shmayda, C. R..

Operations and Recent Upgrades to a Tritium Recycling Facility - 20375

Nuclear Sources and Services Inc. (NSSI) is a waste handling treatment company that has been operating since 1971. In 2000, NSSI began building a 1,000 m{sup 2} (∼10,000 sqft) tritium recycling facility on the Houston, Texas premises to address a growing need in the waste disposal market. Over the years, the capability of the facility grew to address many different waste streams with the goal of recycling > 99.9% of all tritium activity back into the fusion community. This is achieved by maintaining an effluent stack release well below the 150 GBq/year (C Ci/year) operating limit and maintaining all liquid and solid waste disposal below the low-level radioactive release limit of 0.C MBq/kg (10 μCi/kg). The unique processing systems in the facility attracts many challenging contracts. Within the past two years, NSSI has engaged with customers to treat; organic mixed wastes that simultaneously contain tritium and carbon-14, safely extract tritium from large quantities of exit sign lights, and remove tritium from uncharacterised legacy depleted uranium beds from a superfund site. This paper will outline the initial testing, the system upgrades to treat these varied streams, and the progress in processing the feedstocks provided by these projects. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Tritium Extraction from Water

Tritiated water production is ubiquitous in facilities that handle tritium gas. Sources range from decontamination efforts, to the deliberate conversion of elemental tritium to tritiated water in processes that strive to reduce emissions to the environment, to gaseous effluents to the environment. At low concentrations, ranging from a few μCi/L to mCi/L, high throughputs are required to process the high-volume, low-activity water. Combined Electrolysis Catalytic Exchange (CECE) shows promise by offering high throughput, reliability, economic viability, and facile coupling to isotopic separation systems if necessary. This paper will discuss the features of two production-scale CECE facilities: a 7-m 3 /h throughput system that uses an alkaline electrolysis cell and a 21-m 3 /h throughput system that uses a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis cell. Finally, the former is in service and has been modified to improve reliability; the latter is in the initial stages of commissioning.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗