Engineering topics

Stanev, T.

Publications and source records attributed to Stanev, T..

12 records

NASA NTRS1992

Neutrinos from flat-spectrum radio quasars

The GRO observation (Hartman et al., 1992) of a very strong flux of gamma rays with an energy index close to 2 from the distant quasar 3C279 and other extragalactic flat-spectrum radio sources is in very good agreement with models that advocate the important role of very high energy protons and nuclei in the energy transport in AGN. Protons and nuclei cool by interactions on the nonthermal fields in the nuclear jet of the AGN and generate gamma ray and neutrino fluxes. Ultra high energy neutrinos could be observed with sensitive air shower experiments in outbursts as powerful as the one seen by GRO.

Mannheim, K.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Cosmic ray albedo gamma rays from the quiet sun

We estimate the flux of gamma-rays that result from collisions of high energy galactic cosmic rays with the solar atmosphere. An important aspect of our model is the propagation of cosmic rays through the magnetic fields of the inner solar systems. We use diffusion to model propagation down to the bottom of the corona. Below the corona we trace particle orbits through the photospheric fields to determine the location of cosmic ray interactions in the solar atmosphere and evolve the resultant cascades. For our nominal choice of parameters, we predict an integrated flux of gamma rays (at 1 AU) of F(E(sub gamma) greater than 100 MeV) approximately = 5 x 10(exp -8)/sq cm sec. This can be an order of magnitude above the galactic background and should be observable by the Energetic Gamma Ray experiment telescope (EGRET).

Seckel, D.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Origin of the burst of TeV gamma-rays from SN 1987 A

An electromagnetic origin of the TeV gamma-ray burst from SN 1987 A is proposed. The TeV gamma-rays result from inverse Compton scattering in the extreme Klein-Nishina limit of nuclear Co-56 gamma-ray lines and soft X-rays by monoenergetic TeV electrons. The model accounts for the observed time delay between the TeV burst and the peak X-ray intensity of about 3 days, and the different burst duration at TeV and X-ray energies.

Schlickeiser, R.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Albedo gamma-rays from cosmic ray interactions on the solar surface

We estimate the flux of gamma-rays that result from collisions of high energy galactic cosmic rays with the solar atmosphere. The high energy photon flux should be observable by the GRO, although details of our results are sensitive to assumptions about cosmic ray propagation through the magnetic fields of the inner solar system. We also estimate the neutrino and neutron fluxes resulting from the same process.

Seckel, D.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Muons and neutrinos

The first generation of large and precise detectors, some initially dedicated to search for nucleon decay has accumulated significant statistics on neutrinos and high-energy muons. A second generation of even better and bigger detectors are already in operation or in advanced construction stage. The present set of experimental data on muon groups and neutrinos is qualitatively better than several years ago and the expectations for the following years are high. Composition studies with underground muon groups, neutrino detection, and expected extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes are discussed.

Stanev, T.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Constraints on cosmic-ray observation of Cygnus X-3

Two experimental groups working at different minimum energies have reported underground muons coming from the direction of Cygnus X-3 with rates that vary in synchrony with its binary period. At the Mont Blanc detector the events are, within statistics, uniformly spread over a 5 degree circle around the position of Cygnus X-3, even though the angular resolution is significantly better than this. The ratio of events in the phase peak to total muons observed rises as a function of minimum muon energy. An experiment also sees an excess in the number of pairs of codirectional multiple muon events arriving within about 5000 seconds of each other, the excess events coming from a direction about 20 degrees away from Cygnus X-3.

Barnhill, M. V., III↗

NASA NTRS1985

Multiplicity distributions in interaction models used for cascade simulations

In cascade simulations, conservation of energy is of paramount importance. It is pointed out that it is possible to construct algorithms in which energies of secondaries are chosen from physically correct distributions in such a way as to conserve energy, and give physically correct multiplicity distributions without further adjustment. The resulting non-Poissonian nature of the distribution and the approximate KNO scaling are related to the large fluctuations in the energy available for pion production and to the detailed shape of the inclusive momentum distribution. Two multiparticle production algorithms are described which have these features. One is the algorithm used in the simulation of C jets, the other is for a hadron-nucleus interaction model used in the calculation of muon and neutrino fluxes.

Ellsworth, R. W.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Gamma-hadron families and scaling violation

For three different interaction models we have simulated gamma-hadron families, including the detector (Pamir emulsion chamber) response. Rates of gamma families, hadrons, and hadron-gamma ratios were compared with experiments.

Gaisser, T. K.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Monte Carlo simulation of EAS generated by 10(14) - 10(16) eV protons

Detailed Monte Carlo simulations of extensive air showers to be detected by the Homestake Surface Underground Telescope and other similar detectors located at sea level and mountain altitudes have been performed for 10 to the 14th power to 10 to the 16th power eV primary energies. The results of these Monte Carlo calculations will provide an opportunity to compare the experimental data with different models for the composition and spectra of primaries and for the development of air showers. The results obtained for extensive air showers generated by 10 to the 14th power to 10 to the 16th power eV primary protons are reported.

Fenyves, E. J.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Muons in gamma showers

Muon production in gamma-induced air showers, accounting for all major processes. For muon energies in the GeV region the photoproduction is by far the most important process, while the contribution of micron + micron pair creation is not negligible for TeV muons. The total rate of muons in gamma showers is, however, very low.

Stanev, T.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Atmospheric neutrinos observed in underground detectors

Atmospheric neutrinos are produced when the primary cosmic ray beam hits the atmosphere and initiates atmospheric cascades. Secondary mesons decay and give rise to neutrinos. The neutrino production was calculated and compared with the neutrino fluxes detected in underground detectors. Contained neutrino events are characterized by observation of an interaction within the fiducial volume of the detector when the incoming particle is not observed. Both the neutrino flux and the containment requirement restrict the energy of the neutrinos observed in contained interactions to less than several GeV. Neutrinos interact with the rock surrounding the detector but only muon neutrino interactions can be observed, as the electron energy is dissipated too fast in the rock. The direction of the neutrino is preserved in the interaction and at energies above 1 TeV the angular resolution is restricted by the scattering of the muon in the rock. The muon rate reflects the neutrino spectrum above some threshold energy, determined by the detector efficiency for muons.

Gaisser, T. K.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Neutrino astronomy and the atmospheric background

Some aspects of neutrino astronomy are illustrated by calculating the neutrino-induced muon flux from Cygnus X-3 binary X-ray source. The signal depends primarily on the power in cosmic rays at the source and on the distance to the source, and only relatively little on details of the matter distribution in the neighborhood of the source.

Gaisser, T. K.↗