Technoeconomic Studies for the Goldendale Energy Storage Project: Valuation Framework Test Case Study
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Balducci, P.↗
Engineering topics
Stark, G.
Publications and source records attributed to Stark, G..
[Activities of Harvard College Observatory]
With support from this grant, we have: 1) Developed techniques for improving wavelengths and f-values for singly and doubly charged ions of the iron group and have improved the accuracy of Fe III wavelengths by an order of magnitude. New Fe II f-values have also resulted from this work. 2) Measured line oscillator strengths and photoabsorption cross sections for UV molecular spectral feature that have been, or could be, used for searches for and detection of molecules in diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds and for determination of molecular column densities there. In addition, we have determined other molecular parameters -- line assignments, wavelengths, and line widths -- that are essential for theoretical descriptions of the abundance, fractionation, and excitation of interstellar molecules and for comparison of predictions with observations. 3) Measured A-values for spin-changing and other weak lines in low-Z ions. When A-values are available, these spectral features are useful for astrophysical plasma density and temperature diagnostics. Such lines are also used in interstellar abundance determinations in cases where the stronger allowed lines are saturated in astronomical spectra. 4) Taken an activist approach to ensuring that, (i), astronomers have ready access to our data, and, (ii), avenues of communication between data users and producers are strengthened.
Dalgarno, A.↗
High-resolution absorption cross section measurements of supersonic jet-cooled carbon monoxide between 92.5 and 97.4 nanometers
High-resolution photoabsorption cross sections for eight CO bands, at wavelengths between 92.5 nm and 97.4 nm, have been measured in a supersonic jet-cooled source (approximately equals 20 K) at the Photon Factory synchrotron radiation facility. New integrated cross sections are reported for four bands between 92.5 nm and 94.2 nm. A low-temperature spectrum of the W(1)-X(0) band (95.6 nm), which was used to determine the absorbing CO column densities, is also presented. Additional jet-cooled cross section measurements were made on the L(0)-X(0), K(0)-X(0), and W(0)-X(0) bands (96.7-97.4 nm) which verify previously published results. A self-consistent set of band oscillator strengths is presented for the eight bands studied.
Yoshino, K.↗
High-resolution oscillator strength measurements for the A(v') - X(0) bands of carbon monoxide with 11 less than or equal to v' less than or equal to 14
Band oscillator strengths (f-values) for four bands of the Fourth Positive system (A (1)Pi - Chi(sup 1) Sigma(+)) of CO have been determined from high-resolution (lambda/Delta lambda approximately equal to 150,000) absorption spectra. The bands, (14, 0) through (11, 0), are at wavelengths between 121 and 127 nm. Our f-values for the (11, 0) and (12, 0) bands support those of Chan, Cooper, & Brion (1993), which have been shown to be consistent with observations of CO in the clouds in the line of sight to zeta Oph. Our f-values for the (13, 0) and (14, 0) bands are the first directly measured values for these bands.
Smith, Peter L.↗
High-resolution absorption cross section measurements of carbon monoxide at 20 K between 96.7 and 98.8 nanometers
Photoabsorption cross sections for five CO bands, at wavelengths between 96.7 and 98.8 nm, have been measured at high-resolution in a supersonic jet-cooled source at the Photon Factory synchrotron facility. New integrated cross sections are reported for the K-X, L(prime)-X, and L-X bands. Low-temperature spectra of the J-X and W-X bands, which were used in the determination of the absorbing CO column densities, are also presented. The rotational structures of the K-X, L(prime)-X, and L-X bands do not overlap in the low-temperature spectra, allowing for the first unambiguous determination of these band oscillator strengths. We also report revised room temperature measurements of integrated cross sections for the K-X, L(prime)-X, and L-X bands, in which distortions in the measured spectra due to insufficient instrumental resolution have been minimized; the revised room temperature integrated cross sections are consistent with the low-temperature results.
Stark, G.↗
Recalibration of the absorption/photodissociation spectra of CO and its isotopes between 91 and 115 nm
A systematic error has been identified in the wavelengths and wavenumbers presented in two papers concerning the absorption/dissociation spectra of CO and isotopes between 91.2 and 115.2 nm. The published wavelengths are about 10 mA (0.001 nm) too small for lines in the 91-100 nm range. A table of corrected band origins is provided.
Eidelsberg, M.↗
Absorption band oscillator strengths of N2 transitions between 95.8 and 99.4 nm
Molecular nitrogen plays a central role in the energetics of the earth's upper atmosphere and is the major constituent of the atmospheres of the planetary satellites Titan and Triton. This paper reports a new set of absorption oscillator strengths measured at higher resolution for seven bands in the 95.8-99.4 nm region. The results are compared with earlier, lower resolution absorption measurements, electron scattering measurements, and calculations based on a deperturbation analysis of the excited states.
Stark, G.↗
High-resolution photoabsorption cross sections of E1Pi - X1Sigma(+) vibrational bands of CO-12 and CO-13
Photodissociation following absorption of extreme-ultraviolet photons is an important factor in determining the abundance and isotropic fractionation of CO in diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds. The principal channel for destruction of CO-13 in such clouds begins with absorption in the (1,0) vibrational band of the E1Pi - X1Sigma(+) system; similarly, absorption in the (0,0) band begins a significant destruction channel for CO-12. Reliable modeling of the CO fractionation process depends critically upon the accuracy of the photoabsorption cross section for these bands. We have measured the cross sections for the relevant isotropic species and for the (1,0) band of CO-12. Our results, which are uncertain by about 10 percent, are for the most part larger than previous measurements.
Stark, G.↗
Laboratory absorption spectra of molecules at interstellar cloud temperatures - First measurements on CO at about 97 nm
In the 91-100 nm spectral region, where absorption of photons by interstellar CO usually leads to dissociation, laboratory spectra obtained at 295 K show that most CO bands are both overlapped and perturbed. Reliable band oscillator strengths cannot be extracted from such spectra. As a consequence, synthetic extreme-ultraviolet absorption spectra for CO at the low temperatures that prevail in interstellar clouds are uncertain. A supersonic expansion technique has been used to cool CO to 30 K and three bands in the 97-nm region have been studied with high spectral resolution. The measured spectrum at 30 K is in reasonable agreement with some published modeled spectra, but the ratios of integrated cross sections are somewhat different from those determined from low resolution spectra obtained at 295 K, in which the bands are blended.
Smith, P. L.↗
High-resolution absorption cross sections of carbon monoxide bands at 295 K between 91.7 and 100.4 nanometers
Theoretical descriptions of the abundance and excitation of carbon monoxide in interstellar clouds require accurate data on the vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the molecule. The 6.65 m spectrometer at the Photon Factory synchrotron light source was used to measure photoabsorption cross sections of CO features between 91.2 and 100.4 nm. These data were recorded at a resolving power of 170,000, more than 20 times greater than that used in previous work.
Stark, G.↗
High-resolution spectra and photoabsorption coefficients for carbon monoxide absorption bands between 94.0 nm and 100.4 nm
Photoabsorption coefficients have been measured for the CO in interstellar clouds at a resolving power more than 20 times greater than previously obtainable. In order to facilitate comparisons, these data have been integrated over the same wavelength ranges as used in Letzelter et al. (1987). It is found that most of the results obtained for bands between 94.0 and 100.4 nm are larger than those of Letzelter; the discrepancy may be attributable to the difference between the resolving powers of the spectrometers used, because the saturation effects associated with low resolution can underestimate absorption coefficient values.
Yoshino, K.↗
Thermionic converter output as a function of collector temperature
Surprisingly few data are available on the variation of thermionic converter output with collector temperature. In this study the output power density has been measured as a function of collector temperature (at a fixed emitter temperature of 1650 K) for six converters with different electrode combinations. Collector temperatures ranged from 750 to 1100 K. For collector temperatures below 900 K, converters built with sublimed molybdenum oxide collectors gave the best performance.
Stark, G.↗