Engineering topics
Su, R.
Publications and source records attributed to Su, R..
Characterization of precipitation in gradient Inconel 718 superalloy
Inconel 718 (IN718) superalloy is a well-established material for the application of aircraft engine and power generator due to its excellent performance at high temperatures. The outstanding mechanical properties of IN718 are largely determined by the precipitates. Here, we investigated the precipitation behaviors and the corresponding mechanical properties of the heat-treated gradient IN718 alloy. The microscopy studies reveal that high-density hexagonal η phase with chemistry of Ni 3 (Al,Ti,Nb) formed in the nanograined IN718 alloy after annealing at 700 °C. Additionally, the compressive stress introduced during severe plastic deformation may have prohibited the formation of γ” phase while accelerated the precipitation of γ’ phase, consequently favoring the precipitation of η phase. The corresponding evolution of mechanical behavior of gradient IN718 alloy is investigated.
Microstructural evolution of nanotwinned Al-Zr alloy with significant 9R phase
Aluminum (Al) alloys have a multitude of applications, notably in the automotive, aerospace and coating industries, yet they exhibit significantly lower mechanical strength than conventional steels. Nanotwins drastically improve mechanical strength while retaining ductility. However, the high SFE of Al largely prevents twinning. Here, we synthesize Al-Zr alloy films containing an abundance of incoherent twin boundaries and 9R phases. These alloys exhibit an extended solid solubility of Zr, retaining a columnar nanotwinned structure across all compositions. These films reach a hardness up to 4.2 GPa with 10 at% Zr and demonstrate the capacity for producing strong Al alloys with nanotwins.
Design of super-strong and thermally stable nanotwinned Al alloys via solute synergy
Al alloys have widespread industrial applications. However, their mechanical strength is often much lower than steels. Here, we investigate the influence of solutes on achieving ultrahigh strength and thermal stability of nanotwinned Al alloys. In situ micropillar compression tests show the addition of a small amount of Ti can significantly increase the mechanical strength of Al–Ni alloys to 2 GPa. Deformation induced detwinning, Ni segregation and grain coarsening as discovered in binary Al–Ni alloys are mostly absent in the ternary Al–Ni–Ti alloys. Moreover, the ternary Al–Ni–Ti alloys have outstanding thermal stability. Density function theory calculations reveal the synergetic pinning effect of Ni–Ti solute pairs on incoherent twin boundaries. This study demonstrates that the proper selection of synergistic solute pairs is critical to improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of nanotwinned Al alloys.
Thermal stability and deformability of annealed nanotwinned Al/Ti multilayers
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Tailoring the thermal stability of nanocrystalline Ni alloy by thick grain boundaries
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Size dependent strengthening in high strength nanotwinned Al/Ti multilayers
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Intergranular stress study of TC11 titanium alloy after laser shock peening by synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray diffraction
The distribution of residual lattice strain as a function of depth were carefully investigated by synchrotron-based high energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) in TC11 titanium alloy after laser shock peening (LSP). The results presented big compressive residual lattice strains at surface and subsurface, then tensile residual lattice strains in deeper region, and finally close to zero lattice strains in further deep interior with no plastic deformation thereafter. These evolutions in residual lattice strains were attributed to the balance of direct load effect from laser shock wave and the derivative restriction force effect from surrounding material. Significant intergranular stress was evidenced in the processed sample. The intergranular stress exhibited the largest value at surface, and rapidly decreased with depth increase. The magnitude of intergranular stress was proportional to the severity of the plastic deformation caused by LSP. Two shocks generated larger intergranular stress than one shock.
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of nanotwinned AlTi alloys with 9R phase
Not Available
The in-depth residual strain heterogeneities due to an indentation and a laser shock peening for Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy
In this paper, heterogeneity of the through-thickness residual strain due to the laser shock peening (LSP) in comparison with that due to the indentation was studied in Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples. The latter is almost a quasi-static process while the former features extremely high strain-rate deformation. The synchrotron based high-energy X-ray diffraction was employed to investigate the through-thickness residual strain distribution. The studied two samples after the two processing procedures share the following features: (i) the pressure affected depths are both ~2 mm and (ii) the largest magnitudes of the compressive residual strains parallel to the surface are ~4,000 με. However, the pit depth for the indentation sample is ~9 times larger than that for the LSP. The position featuring the largest magnitude of the compressive residual strain is in the sub-surface for the indentation while it is in the surface for the LSP. Results of the elastic-visco-plastic finite element simulation for the indentation indicate that the position featuring the maximum accumulative plastic shear as defined in this paper corresponds to the location with the largest magnitude of compressive residual strain. To validate this finding, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the X-ray diffraction profile, which is proportional to the level of the plastic deformation, is also studied. Finally, it is found that positions with the largest FWHM indeed correspond to the largest magnitude of compressive residual strain for both tests.
Nonlinear system guidance in the presence of transmission zero dynamics
An iterative procedure is proposed for computing the commanded state trajectories and controls that guide a possibly multiaxis, time-varying, nonlinear system with transmission zero dynamics through a given arbitrary sequence of control points. The procedure is initialized by the system inverse with the transmission zero effects nulled out. Then the 'steady state' solution of the perturbation model with the transmission zero dynamics intact is computed and used to correct the initial zero-free solution. Both time domain and frequency domain methods are presented for computing the steady state solutions of the possibly nonminimum phase transmission zero dynamics. The procedure is illustrated by means of linear and nonlinear examples.
A canonical expansion for nonlinear systems
The importance of differential geometry, particularly Lie brackets of vector fields, in the study of nonlinear systems is well established. Under very mild assumptions, it is shown that a real-analytic nonlinear system has an expansion in which the coefficients are computed in terms of Lie brackets. This expansion occurs in a special coordinate system. The concept of a pure feedback system is also explained. For control design involving a nonlinear system, one approach is to put the system in its canonical expansion and approximate by that part having only feedback paths.
Approximating linearizations for nonlinear systems
The following problem is examined: given a nonlinear control system dot-x(t) = f(x(t)) + the sum to m terms(i=1) u sub i (t)g sub i (x(t)) on R(n) and a point x(0) in R(n), approximate the system near x(0) by a linear system. One approach is to use the usual Taylor series linearization. However, the controllability properties of both the nonlinear and linear systems depend on certain Lie brackets of the vector field under consideration. This suggests that a linear approximation based on Lie bracket matching should be constructed at x(0). In general, the linearizations based on the Taylor method and the Lie bracket approach are different. However, under certain mild assumptions, it is shown that there is a coordinate system for R(n) near x(0) in which these two types of linearizations agree. The importance of this agreement is indicated by examining the time responses of the nonlinear system and its linear approximation and comparing the lower order kernels in Volterra expansions of each.
A canonical form for nonlinear systems
The concepts of transformation and canonical form have been used in analyzing linear systems. These ideas are extended to nonlinear systems. A coordinate system and a corresponding canonical form are developed for general nonlinear control systems. Their usefulness is demonstrated by showing that every feedback linearizable system becomes a system with only feedback paths in the canonical form. For control design involving a nonlinear system, one approach is to put the system in its canonical form and approximate by that part having only feedback paths.
Output time response approximation
The approximation of the output response of a nonlinear system by the output response of a linear system to a desired order irrespective of the admissible input applied should prove useful for purposes of control generation and simulation. Given a nonlinear system, an integer k, and an open subset of state space, sufficient conditions are stated that such a linear approximation exists to order k for every point in the set. In addition, a method for finding the approximating linear systems is presented.
Approximating linearizations for nonlinear systems
The following problem is examined: given a nonlinear control system dot-x(t) = f(x/t/) + the sum to m terms (i = 1) u sub i (t)g sub i (x/t/) on R(n) and a point x(0) in R(n), approximate the system near x(0) by a linear system. One approach is to use the usual Taylor series linearization. However, the controllability properties of both the nonlinear and linear systems depend on certain Lie brackets of the vector field under consideration. This suggests that a linear approximation based on Lie bracket matching should be constructed at x(0). In general, the linearizations based on the Taylor method and the Lie bracket approach are different. However, under certain mild assumptions, it is shown that there is a coordinate system for R(n) near x(0) in which these two types of linearizations agree. The importance of this agreement is indicated by examining the time responses of the nonlinear system and its linear approximation and comparing the lower order kernels in Volterra expansions of each.