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Surdoval, Wayne A.

Publications and source records attributed to Surdoval, Wayne A..

A New Approach for Calculating the Alpha-Decay Half-Life for the Heavy and Super-heavy Elements and an Exact A Priori Result for Beyllium-8

A new general method for calculating the alpha decay half-life is presented. The method predicts an a priori exact value for the beryllium-8 half-life. Beryllium-8 is an exception to the current alpha decay theory captured in the Geiger-Nuttal law. The new method predicts the beryllium-8 alpha half-life using only constants and measured isotopic mass. The method also reliably predicts all the heavier isotope alpha decay half-lives consistent with the Geiger-Nuttal law. With respect to current theory, the inability of the Geiger-Nuttal Law to predict the alpha-decay half-life in the case of beryllium-8 has led to consideration of other decay mechanisms for this isotope, such as fission for example. One result is that given the consistency of the new method presented here for all isotopes including an exact a priori result for beryllium-8, the evidence strongly suggests that the beryllium-8 decay is in fact an alpha decay. A second result is that the method definitively demonstrates that the entire rest mass of the two helium-4 electrons is converted to energy in the decay process and this energy becomes part of the emitted alpha particle kinetic energy.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗

New Polarizability Functions for Calculating Atomic Hydrogen S State Spectral Lines in Exact Agreement with NIST Measurements

This paper presents a new approach to calculating atomic hydrogen energy levels which is simple, fast and accurate. One advantage of this new approach is the ability to explicitly incorporate the polarizability resulting from a scattering event between a hydrogen atom and a photon. The polarizability effect is small but significant, producing exact S state spectral energies. The general calculational approach is applicable to both atomic hydrogen and multi-electron energy levels. Although motivated by the multi-electron case for chemistry applications, the focus of this paper will be calculations that are specific to atomic hydrogen which include the polarizability.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Two Physically Different Neutron Beta-Decay Half-Life Calculations are in Exact Agreement with the NIST Beam Experiment

This paper presents two calculations of the free-neutron lifetime. The calculations reflect two distinct physical viewpoints, and both are in exact agreement with each other, and within reported significant figures, in exact agreement with the NIST Beam Experiment measurement of the neutron lifetime (887.7 (+/- 3.1) seconds (615.3 second half-life)). Both calculations are a priori requiring no arbitrary parameters. CODATA 2018 values used for physical constants. Currently the 'beam' method and the 'magnetic bottle/trap' method are the two primary experiments for determining neutron lifetime. Given the error bands, the results of the experiments are not in agreement. It is considered a significant objective to bring the measurements into agreement or provide a theoretical explanation of why they are different. This paper presents results of two calculations based on different physical origins.The half-life result of both calculations are in exact agreement with the 'beam' experiment.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Solid oxide fuel cell cathode with oxygen-reducing layer

The disclosure provides a SOFC comprised of an electrolyte, anode, and cathode, where the cathode comprises an MIEC and an oxygen-reducing layer. The oxygen-reducing layer is in contact with the MIEC, and the MIEC is generally between and separating the oxygen-reducing layer and the electrolyte. The oxygen-reducing layer is comprised of single element oxides, single element carbonates, or mixtures thereof, and has a thickness of less than about 30 nm. In a particular embodiment, the thickness is less than 5 nm. In another embodiment, the thickness is about 3 monolayers or less. The oxygen-reducing layer may be a continuous film or a discontinuous film with various coverage ratios. The oxygen-reducing layer at the thicknesses described may be generated on the MIEC surface using means known in the art such as, for example, ALD processes.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

New Equations for Calculating Principal and Fine-Structure Atomic Spectra for Single and Multi-Electron Atoms

A set of equations are presented for calculating atomic principal spectral lines and fine-structure energy splits for single and multi-electron atoms. Calculated results are presented and compared to the National Institute of Science and Technology database demonstrating very good accuracy. The equations do not require fitted parameters. The only experimental parameter required is the Ionization energy for the electron of interest. The equations have comparable accuracy and broader applicability than the single electron Dirac equation. Three Appendices discuss the origin of the new equations and present calculated results. New insights into the special relativistic nature of the Dirac equation and its relationship to the new equations are presented.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗