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Taddeucci, Terry Nicholas

Publications and source records attributed to Taddeucci, Terry Nicholas.

At least 19 records

Measurement of the 238 U( n,f ) prompt fission neutron spectrum from 10 keV to 10 MeV induced by neutrons with 1.5–20 MeV energy

With the recent emergence of fast nuclear reactors, there has been a corresponding increasing interest in 238 U-related nuclear data. However, while existing literature data span much of the energy ranges of interest for the prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) for neutron-induced fission of 238U, most literature data sets are highly correlated, and thus new, independent measurements of this quantity are needed. In this work, we report the results of a new measurement of the 238 U PFNS at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center for incident neutron energies from 1.5–20.0 MeV, and outgoing neutron energies of 0.01–10.0 MeV. With some notable exceptions, the present results generally agree with existing literature data, especially with regard to features relating to multichance fission and pre-equilibrium features in the PFNS, thus adding confidence to existing nuclear data evaluations and filling in gaps of knowledge at previously unmeasured incident neutron energies. This result is the third in a series of PFNS measurements by the Chi-Nu collaboration now spanning all three major actinides, 239 Pu, 235 U, and 238 U. Thus, for the first time, we report reliable experimental PFNS ratios and average PFNS energy comparisons for measurements of all three of these isotopes including accurate correlations between the different, but correlated experiments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Measurement of the U 235 ( n , f ) prompt fission neutron spectrum from 10 keV to 10 MeV induced by neutrons of energy from 1 MeV to 20 MeV

The characterization of fission-driven nuclear systems primarily relies on calculations of neutron-induced chain reactions, and these calculations require evaluated nuclear data as input. Calculation accuracy heavily depends on input nuclear data evaluation accuracy, and thus high precision on the experimental input to the nuclear data evaluation is essential for fundamental quantities like the energy spectrum of neutrons emitted from neutron-induced fission (i.e., the prompt fission neutron spectrum, PFNS). Despite decades of measurement efforts, prior to the measurements described in this work there were only three literature data sets for the 235 U(n,f) PFNS at incident neutron energies above 1.0 MeV considered reliable for inclusion in nuclear data evaluations and no reliable data sets above 3.0 MeV incident neutron energy. In this work we report on new measurements of the 235 U(n,f) PFNS spanning a grid of 1.0–20.0 MeV in incident neutron energy and 0.01–10.0 MeV in outgoing (PFNS) neutron energy. These measurements were carried out at the Weapons Neutron Research facility at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center and used a multifoil parallel-plate avalanche counter target with both a Li-glass and a liquid scintillator detector array in separate experiments to span the quoted outgoing neutron energy ranges. The PFNS results are shown in terms of the energy spectra themselves as well as the average PFNS energy $(\langle{E}\rangle)$ and ratios of $\langle{E}\rangle$ at forward and backward angles. Here, the results are compared with literature data and selected nuclear data evaluations. Generally, the data agree with the ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluation below 5.0-MeV incident neutron energy and more closely with the JEFF-3.3 evaluation above 5.0 MeV, though no evaluations considered for comparison in this work agree with the data across all of the incident and outgoing neutron energies shown, especially in regions where the third-chance fission process becomes available. Additionally, we show a ratio of the present PFNS results for 235 U(n, f) with a recent and highly correlated experiment to measure the 239 Pu(n, f) PFNS at the same experimental facility and with nearly identical equipment and analysis procedures. Many observations reported in this work are the first of their kind and represent significant advancements for knowledge of the 235 U(n, f) PFNS.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Measurements of the Prompt Fission Neutron Spectrum at LANSCE: The Chi-Nu Experiment

The goal of the Chi-Nu experiment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center is to measure the prompt fission neutron spectra from major actinides using a double time-of-flight method with a pulsed, white incoming neutron source. Fission events are detected with a parallel-plate avalanche counter and outgoing neutrons are detected with either a 6 Li-glass or liquid scintillator detector array for low- or high-energy neutrons, respectively. A detector response matrix for the interaction of neutrons with the experimental environment for neutrons measured with the Chi-Nu 6 Li-glass detector array has been calculated to obtain a full understanding of the measured Chi-Nu data and also to allow for nearly instantaneous production of simulated Chi-Nu data spectra. Prompt fission neutron spectra corresponding to 19 incoming neutron energy ranges from 0.7-20 MeV have been extracted using the ratio-of-ratios method with Chi-Nu 6 Li-glass data on the neutron-induced fission of 235 U.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Utilization of MCNP ® 6 implicit-capture simulations for quantification of systematic uncertainties from experimental environments

In this study, the high statistical precision that can be achieved using modern data collection techniques implies that systematic uncertainties that were ignored or not considered for past experiments must now be explored. The folding of Monte Carlo simulations into experimental data analysis, which is becoming common practice, requires an estimate of the systematic uncertainty present in the experimental result from uncertainties in the library of cross sections used during the simulation, but this source of uncertainty is typically not quantified. Here we describe a method to estimate this systematic uncertainty by varying the cross sections used during simulation runtime. As opposed carrying out hundreds of sequential analog Monte Carlo simulations, this task was accomplished through a post-processing calculation of output from a single simulation that was run using the implicit-capture formalism available with MCNP ® 6.2 and the PTRAC output format.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

The Prompt Fission Neutron Spectrum of 235 U(n,f) below 2.5 MeV for Incident Neutrons from 0.7 to 20 MeV

New prompt fission neutron spectrum measurements are reported for 235 U(n,f) reactions induced by neutrons with energies from 0.7 to 20 MeV. These measurements cover outgoing neutron energies from 2.5 MeV down to 10 keV, using an array of 6 Li-glass scintillators for neutron detection and a double time-of-flight technique. The neutrons were produced at the Weapons Neutron Research facility of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. A detailed MCNP ® model of the experimental equipment and the surrounding room was used to interpret the experimental results. Backgrounds were measured in situ, making use of the time-dependent singles rates of the various detectors with asynchronous readout from waveform digitizers. The results presented here have been included in a re-evaluation of the fission neutron spectra for this fissioning system, a description of which is presented elsewhere in this issue.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Numerical integration of detector response functions via Monte Carlo simulations

Calculations of detector response functions are complicated because they include the intricacies of signal creation from the detector itself as well as a complex interplay between the detector, the particle-emitting target, and the entire experimental environment. As such, these functions are typically only accessible through time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, the output of thousands of Monte Carlo simulations can be necessary in order to extract a physics result from a single experiment. Here we describe a method to obtain a full description of the detector response function using Monte Carlo simulations. We also show that a response function calculated in this way can be used to create Monte Carlo simulation output spectra a factor of ~1000× faster than running a new Monte Carlo simulation. A detailed discussion of the proper treatment of uncertainties when using this and other similar methods is provided as well. Here, this method is demonstrated and tested using simulated data from the Chi-Nu experiment, which measures prompt fission neutron spectra at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Laser-plasmas in the relativistic-transparency regime: science and applications

Laser-plasma interactions in the novel regime of relativistically induced transparency (RIT) have been harnessed to generate intense ion beams efficiently with average energies exceeding 10 MeV/nucleon (>100 MeV for protons) at “table-top” scales in experiments at the LANL Trident Laser. By further optimization of the laser and target, the RIT regime has been extended into a self-organized plasma mode. This mode yields an ion beam with much narrower energy spread while maintaining high ion energy and conversion efficiency. This mode involves self-generation of persistent high magnetic fields (~10 4 T, according to particle-in-cell simulations of the experiments) at the rear-side of the plasma. These magnetic fields trap the laser-heated multi-MeV electrons, which generate a high localized electrostatic field (~0.1 TV/m). After the laser exits the plasma, this electric field acts on a highly structured ion-beam distribution in phase space to reduce the energy spread, thus separating acceleration and energy-spread reduction. Thus, ion beams with narrow energy peaks at up to 18 MeV/nucleon are generated reproducibly with high efficiency (≈5%). The experimental demonstration has been done with 0.12 PW, high-contrast, 0.6 ps Gaussian 1.053 μm laser pulses irradiating planar foils up to 250 nm thick at 2–8 × 10 20 W/cm 2 . These ion beams with co-propagating electrons have been used on Trident for uniform volumetric isochoric heating to generate and study warm-dense matter at high densities. These beam plasmas have been directed also at a thick Ta disk to generate a directed, intense point-like Bremsstrahlung source of photons peaked at ~2 MeV and used it for point projection radiography of thick high density objects. In addition, prior work on the intense neutron beam driven by an intense deuterium beam generated in the RIT regime has been extended. Neutron spectral control by means of a flexible converter-disk design has been demonstrated, and the neutron beam has been used for point-projection imaging of thick objects. Finally, we discuss the plans and prospects for further improvements and applications.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

The Prompt Fission Neutron Spectrum of 235U for Einc 0.7-5.0 MeV

The Chi-Nu experiment aims to accurately measure the prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) for the major actinides. At the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), fission can be induced using the white neutron source. Using a two arm time of flight (T.O.F) technique; Chi-Nu presents a preliminary result of the low energy component of the 235U PFNS measured using an array of 22-Lithium glass scintillators.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗

Neutron imaging with the short-pulse laser driven neutron source at the TRIDENT Laser Facility

Emerging approaches to short-pulse laser-driven neutron production offer a possible gateway to compact, low cost, and intense broad spectrum sources for a wide variety of applications. They are based on energetic ions, driven by an intense short-pulse laser, interacting with a converter material to produce neutrons via breakup and nuclear reactions. Recent experiments performed with the high-contrast laser at the Trident laser facility of Los Alamos National Laboratory have demonstrated a laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism operating in the regime of relativistic transparency, featuring a volumetric laser-plasma interaction. This mechanism is distinct from previously studied ones that accelerate ions at the laser-target surface. The Trident experiments produced an intense beam of deuterons with an energy distribution extending above 100 MeV. This deuteron beam, when directed at a beryllium converter, produces a forward-directed neutron beam with ~5x10 9 n/sr, in a single laser shot, primarily due to deuteron breakup. The neutron beam has a pulse duration on the order of a few nanoseconds with an energy distribution extending from a few hundreds of keV to almost 80 MeV. For the experiments on neutron-source spot-size measurements, our gated neutron imager was setup to select neutrons in the energy range of 2.5 to 35 MeV. The spot size of neutron emission at the converter was measured by two different imaging techniques, using a knife-edge and a penumbral aperture, in two different experimental campaigns. The neutron-source spot size is measured ~1 mm for both experiments. The measurements and analysis reported here give a spatial characterization for this type of neutron source for the first time. In addition, the forward modeling performed provides an empirical estimate of the spatial characteristics of the deuteron ion-beam. Finally, these experimental observations, taken together, provide essential yet unique data to benchmark and verify theoretical work into the basic acceleration mechanism, which remains an ongoing challenge.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

The Need for Precise and Well-documented Experimental Data on Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra from Neutron-induced Fission of {sup 239}Pu

The spectrum of neutrons emitted promptly after {sup 239}Pu(n,f)—a so-called prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS)—is a quantity of high interest, for instance, for reactor physics and global security. However, there are only few experimental data sets available that are suitable for evaluations. In addition, some of those data sets differ by more than their 1-σ uncertainty boundaries. We present the results of MCNP studies indicating that these differences are partly caused by underestimated multiple scattering contributions, over-corrected background, and inconsistent deconvolution methods. A detailed uncertainty quantification for suitable experimental data was undertaken including these effects, and test-evaluations were performed with the improved uncertainty information. The test-evaluations illustrate that the inadequately estimated effects and detailed uncertainty quantification have an impact on the evaluated PFNS and associated uncertainties as well as the neutron multiplicity of selected critical assemblies. A summary of data and documentation needs to improve the quality of the experimental database is provided based on the results of simulations and test-evaluations. Given the possibly substantial distortion of the PFNS by multiple scattering and background effects, special care should be taken to reduce these effects in future measurements, e.g., by measuring the {sup 239}Pu PFNS as a ratio to either the {sup 235}U or {sup 252}Cf PFNS.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Chi-Nu Level 2 Review

This series of slides presents information on Chi-Nu measurements and analysis of prompt fission neutron spectra (PFNS) for neutron energy below 1 MeV for 235 U. A key focus of the Chi-Nu measurement is to address the energy dependence of the low-energy emissions. The 235 U PFNS evaluation is in progress. Chi-Nu delivered preliminary experimental data and input for part of the old experimental data base. The 239 Pu PFNS evaluation is finalized and submitted for testing. Data from 252 Cf spontaneous fission will also be obtained.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

System for detecting special nuclear materials

The present disclosure includes a radiological material detector having a convertor material that emits one or more photons in response to a capture of a neutron emitted by a radiological material; a photon detector arranged around the convertor material and that produces an electrical signal in response to a receipt of a photon; and a processor connected to the photon detector, the processor configured to determine the presence of a radiological material in response to a predetermined signature of the electrical signal produced at the photon detector. One or more detectors described herein can be integrated into a detection system that is suited for use in port monitoring, treaty compliance, and radiological material management activities.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Nuclear Material Detection by One-Short-Pulse-Laser-Driven Neutron Source

Covered in the PowerPoint presentation are the following areas: Motivation and requirements for active interrogation of nuclear material; laser-driven neutron source; neutron diagnostics; active interrogation of nuclear material; and, conclusions, remarks, and future works.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗