Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Takagi, M..
A geomorphic map of the MC-8SE quadrangle on Mars is used to examine hypotheses of origin for the Medusae Fossae Formation, as well as to characterize the regional setting of these enigmatic materials. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
PURPOSE: To determine if multiple states for the initiation of pursuit, as assessed by acceleration in the "open-loop" period, can be learned and gated by context. METHODS: Four normal subjects were studied. A modified step-ramp paradigm for horizontal pursuit was used to induce adaptation. In an increasing paradigm, target velocity doubled 230 msec after onset; in a decreasing paradigm, it was halved. In the first experiment, vertical eye position (+/-5 degrees ) was used as the context cue, and the training paradigm (increasing or decreasing) changed with vertical eye position. In the second experiment, with vertical position constant, when the target was red, training was decreasing, and when green, increasing. The average eye acceleration in the first 100 msec of tracking was the index of open-loop pursuit performance. RESULTS: With vertical position as the cue, pursuit adaptation differed between up and down gaze. In some cases, the direction of adaptation was in exact accord with the training stimuli. In others, acceleration increased or decreased for both up and down gaze but always in correct relative proportion to the training stimuli. In contrast, multiple adaptive states were not induced with color as the cue. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple values for the relationship between the average eye acceleration during the initiation of pursuit and target velocity could be learned and gated by context. Vertical position was an effective contextual cue but not target color, implying that useful contextual cues must be similar to those occurring naturally, for example, orbital position with eye muscle weakness.
The stratospheric aerosol state in 1982 and 1983 was in a violet excitation due to the eruption of Mt. El Chichon. A number of direct and indirect soundings of the stratosphere confirmed that the aftereffect of it covered almost the entire Northern Hemisphere by the end of 1982 (e.g., POLLACK et al., 1983). The lidar system constructed at Toyokawa (34.8 deg N, 137.4 deg E) have entered routine base observations since December 1982 (IWATA et al., 1983). The state of observations was 8 months after the eruption, and researchers missed monitoring the drastic variations in the stratosphere just following the event. However, the El Chichon cloud over Japan was reported to have reached the second maximum concentration in November or December 1982 according to the lidar observations at Tsukuba, Nagoya and Fukuoka, so the researchers' observations corresponded to the decaying phase of it. Presented are some characteristics of the aerosol profile over Toyokawa during a period of 20 months from December 1982 to July 1984.
Aircraft measurements of aerosols were made during the years 1982 to 1984 in the upper troposphere. In some cases, the influence of the local atmospheric pollution originating from the land surface was observed. The background concentration of the Mie particle was about 0.1/cu. cm. at an altitude of 6 to 8 km. An air mass of stratospheric origin was observed over the Japan sea in the winters of 1983 and 1984. The Mie particle concentration increased and the count ratio of two size ranges was found to be a large value in 1983, the value decreased to that of a background level in the stratosphere in 1984. The volcanic eruption of Mt. El Chichon seems to be responsible for the large aerosol count ratio of the measurements of 1983.
Three balloon soundings of aerosol were conducted from Syowa Station, Antarctica in April, June and October 1983. Number concentration and the size distribution of aerosol particles with diameter greater than 0.3 microns were measured by using a light scattering aerosol particle counter. The influence of the eruption of Mt. El Chichon on the aerosol concentration in the stratosphere was observed on October 16. Very high aerosol concentration at stratospheric heights was obtained from the first successful aerosol sounding in winter Antarctic stratosphere. The result gives direct evidence of winter enhancement in the Antarctic stratosphere.
An analysis is given of some results of the LIMS experiment, launched on the Nimbus 7 satellite on October 24, 1978 for the purpose of sounding the middle atmosphere composition and structure. One of the LIMS channels was centered spectrally in the 6 micron region to measure vertical profiles and the global distribution of NO2 mixing ratio. The data reveal that NO2 is highly variable with altitude, latitude, longitude and time. Steep latitudinal gradients are observed in high latitude winter ('the NO2 cliff') when a wave number one pattern exists in the geopotential height field. The daytime gradient under these conditions is less than that for the night. The summer hemisphere column amount is considerably greater (by a factor of about 2) than in the winter hemisphere. The largest mixing ratios occur at 4 mb at night (about 20 ppbv) and 9 mb in the day (about 7 ppbv) and the latitude region of the peak mixing ratio is skewed toward the Southern Hemisphere. The mixing ratio variability is greater at night (by a factor of about 2 to 3) than in the day and there are significant long-term changes revealed by mixing ratio time series analyses on a pressure vs time grid.
For turbomachinery with low natural frequencies, considerations have been recently required for rotor vibrations caused by external forces except unbalance one, such as foundation motion, seismic wave, rub and so forth. Such a forced vibration is investigated analytically and experimentally in the present paper. Vibrations in a rotor-bearing system under a harmonic excitation are analyzed by the modal technique in the case of a linear system including gyroscopic effect. For a nonlinear system a new and powerful quasi-modal technique is developed and applied to the vibration caused by rub.