Gapless spinons and a field-induced soliton gap in the hyperhoneycomb Cu oxalate framework compound [(C 2 H 5 ) 3 NH] 2 Cu 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3
Here, we report a detailed study of the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of single crystals of a spin-liquid candidate: the hyperhoneycomb Cu oxalate framework compound [(C 2 H 5 ) 3 NH] 2 Cu 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 . The specific heat shows no anomaly associated with a magnetic transition at low temperatures down to T ~ 180 mK in zero magnetic field. We observe a large linear-in-T contribution to the specific heat γT, γ = 98 (1) mJ / mol K 2 , at low temperatures, indicative of the presence of fermionic excitations despite the Mott insulating state. The low-T specific heat is strongly suppressed by applied magnetic fields H, which induce an energy gap, Δ(H), in the spin-excitation spectrum. We use the four-component relativistic density-functional theory (DFT) to calculate the magnetic interactions, including the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya antisymmetric exchange, which causes an effective staggered field acting on one copper sublattice. The magnitude and field dependence of the field-induced gap, Δ (H) ∝ H 2/3 , are accurately predicted by the soliton mass calculated from the sine-Gordon model of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with all parameters determined by our DFT calculations. Thus our experiment and calculations are entirely consistent with a model of [(C 2 H 5 ) 3 NH] 2 Cu 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 in which anisotropic magnetic exchange interactions due to Jahn-Teller distortion cause one copper sublattice to dimerize, leaving a second sublattice of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic chains. We also show that this model quantitatively accounts for the measured temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility. Thus [(C 2 H 5 ) 3 NH] 2 Cu 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 is a canonical example of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet and not a resonating-valence-bond quantum spin liquid, as previously proposed.