Multiband Grid-Forming Control
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Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Trudnowski, Daniel.
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A control system and method for an inverter-based resource device provided in a synchronous power grid. The control system includes at least one inverter based resource device connected to an electrical power system, and a controller module. The inverter based resource device includes a reference power Pref, a combination module and a transfer function. The inverter based resource device injects modulated power into the power system. The power system (which is represented by a transfer function in the control system) receives an undesirable forced oscillation, which is connected to a measuring device. A controller module processes the measured output and provides a control signal to the inverter based resource device. The controller is arranged to suppress a forced oscillation detected in the power system.
Power systems are subjected to a wide range of disturbances during daily operations. Severe disturbances, such as a loss of a large generator, a three-phase bolted fault on a generator bus, or a loss of a transmission line, can lead to the loss of synchronism of a generator or group of generators. The ability of a power system to maintain synchronism during the few seconds after being subjected to a severe disturbance is known as transient stability. Most of the modern methods of controlling transient stability involve special protection schemes or remedial action schemes. These special protection schemes sense predetermined system conditions and take corrective actions, such as generator tripping or generation re-dispatch, in real time to maintain transient stability. Another method is the use of a real-time feedback control system to modulate the output of an actuator in response to a signal. This paper provides a fundamental evaluation of the use of feedback control strategies to improve transient stability in a power system. An optimal feedback control strategy that modulates the real power injected and absorbed by distributed energy-storage devices is proposed. Its performance is evaluated on a four-machine power system and on a 34-machine reduced-order model of the Western North American Power System. The result shows that the feedback control strategy can increase the critical fault clearing time by 60%, thereby improving the transient stability of the power system.
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This study describes the design and implementation of a proof-of-concept Pacific DC Intertie (PDCI) wide area damping controller and includes system test results on the North American Western Interconnection (WI). To damp inter-area oscillations, the controller modulates the power transfer of the PDCI, a ±500 kV DCtransmission line in the WI. The control system utilizes real-time phasor measurement unit feedback to construct a commanded power signal which is added to the scheduled power flow for the PDCI. After years of design, simulations, and development, this controller has been implemented in hardware and successfully tested in both open and closed-loop operation. The most important design specifications were safe, reliable performance, no degradation of any system modes in any circumstances, and improve damping to the controllable modes in the WI. The main finding is that the controller adds significant damping to the modes of the WI and does not adversely affect the system response in any of the test cases. The primary contribution of this paper, to the state of the art research, is the design methods and test results of the first North American real-time control system that uses wide area PMU feedback.
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