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Von Puttkamer, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Von Puttkamer, J..

17 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Space - The long range future

Space exploration goals for NASA in the year 2000 time frame are examined. A lunar base would offer the opportunity for continuous earth viewing, further cosmogeochemical exploration and rudimentary steps at self-sufficiency in space. The latter two factors are also compelling reasons to plan a manned Mars base. Furthermore, competition and cooperation in a Mars mission and further interplanetary exploration is an attractive substitute for war. The hardware requirements for various configurations of Mars missions are briefly addressed, along with other, unmanned missions to the asteroid belt, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter and the moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Finally, long-range technological requirements for providing adequate living/working facilities for larger human populations in Space Station environments are summarized.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Space - The long-range future

The Space Shuttle/Space Transportation System (STS) provides the basis for future development toward permanent manned Space Stations, manned access to geostationary orbit (GEO), deployment of large space structures, development of closed-cycle life support systems, and the discovery of greater industrial applications in space. Research must continue in order to make an Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV) which would provide manned flights to GEO and the establishment of a lunar base a reality by the year 2000. Beyond the year 2000 there should be advanced complexes in low-earth orbit (LEO), permanently manned scientific and communication stations in GEO, a permanent moon base, manned expeditions to Mars, and a geosynchronous facility. These goals can be achieved through international cooperation; cooperative programs will allow for more research at a faster pace due to joint funding. These advances could lead to improvements in the quality of life on earth and make comfortable space life a reality.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Beyond the Space Station

The significance of the Space Station is examined with regard to the possibilities it will open. The Space Station, as a unique R&D facility, operation base, and transportation node, will not only enhance deeper-space ventures but also enable entirely new initiatives for man's advancement in space not possible before. One large goal enabled by the Space Station could be a manned Mars landing mission as a major national objective some time beyond the year 2000. Since its principal themes would be joint exploration and advancement of mankind in space, its scientific, technical and sociological benefits would be of unprecedented scope and magnitude. The Space Station should be regarded as having a 'beachhead' role in supporting multiple goals and multiple users. Commonalities and possible synergisms between program and mission systems, elements, and technologies of large new initiatives beyond the Space Station should be assessed.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Roles and needs of man in space

Human capabilities and requirements on space missions are discussed. Utilitarian and humanistic motivations for manned missions are considered, and a general program of development from easy space access and return, to a permanent LEO presence, to the limited self-sufficiency of man in space, is proposed. Man's potential as scientific observer, operator, and engineer/technician is illustrated with examples from the Apollo and Skylab missions. It is shown that future increases in man's space presence will require significant improvements in habitation technology, crew comfort and safety, operational effectiveness and reliability, and man/machine interactions: man-tended systems must be standardized and adapted to (mainly EVA) human servicing; permanently manned systems must be designed to attain levels of comfort, privacy, and overall habitability more like those expected on the ground.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Skylab: Its anguish and triumph - A memoir

During its ascent to earth orbit, Skylab, launched May 14, 1973, sustained severe damage due to the premature deployment of its micrometeoroid shield. In this paper, a participating engineer describes how a thermal shield repair concept was developed and appropriate hardware was built and tested within 11 days of the mishap, and how the repair concept was sucessfully implemented in space to rescue Skylab.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

On humanity's role in space

Manned spaceflight is considered within the framework of two broad categories: human exploitation of space for economic or scientific gain, and human habitation of space as a place where man may live, grow, and actualize himself. With the advent of the Space Shuttle, exploitation of space will take the form of new product development. This will continue during the 1990s as the new products are manufactured on a scale large enough to be profitable. The turn of the century should see major industries in space, and large space habitats. Thus, the question of mankind's existential needs arises. In addition to basic physical needs, the spiritual and cultural requirements of human beings must be considered. The impact of man's presence in space upon human culture in general is discussed with reference to international cooperation, public interest in space programs, scientific advancement, the basic urge to explore, and the density of mankind as a whole; which will become free of external constraints as we step into the cosmos.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The next 25 years: Industrialization of space - Rationale for planning

A methodology for planning the industralization of space is discussed. The suggested approach combines the extrapolative ('push') approach, in which alternative futures are projected on the basis of past and current trends and tendencies, with the normative ('pull') view, in which an ideal state in the far future is postulated and policies and decisions are directed toward its attainment. Time-reversed vectors of the future are tied to extrapolated, trend-oriented vectors of the quasi-present to identify common plateaus or stepping stones in technological development. Important steps in the industrialization of space to attain the short-range goals of production of space-derived energy, goods and services and the long-range goal of space colonization are discussed.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Developing space occupancy - Perspectives on NASA future space program planning

Potential future manned space flight missions for the time after the development of the space transportation system with the space shuttle are considered, taking into account a sequence of activities concerning a gradually increasing penetration of space by man. The activities are related to the permanent occupancy of near-earth space, the permanent occupancy of near-moon space, the full self-sufficiency of man in earth-moon space, and the permanent occupancy of heliocentric space. Attention is given to Mars orbiting stations, the exploration of the asteroids, comet exploration, planet engineering programs, heliocentric orbit installation, the evolution of the earth orbit space community, space industrialization technology, lunar base development, and evolutionary paths to far-future space endeavors.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Developing space occupancy - Perspectives on NASA future space programme planning

NASA planning aspects of potential future manned space flight missions are examined and the necessity of long-range planning is pointed out. A listing of desirable future activities is considered, taking into account the permanent occupancy of near-earth orbit space, the permanent occupancy of earth-moon space, the full self-sufficiency of man in geolunar space, and the permanent occupancy of heliocentric space. The technological requirements for the considered activities are discussed, giving attention to transportation, habitation, engineering technology, life sciences, operations technology, and advanced management concepts. A description of future program phasing and advanced studies requirements is also given.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Apollo-Soyuz test project - The American-Soviet space enterprise

The preflight mission plan of the Apollo-Soyuz project is summarized, and the scientific experiments planned for the flight are described. Emphasis is on coupling procedures and docking modules. Experiments discussed comprise astronomical studies, geophysical studies, bioscientific studies, and application-oriented studies. The unique gravity-free space environment will provide favorable conditions for uniform materials construction. In addition, biological electrophoresis investigations in a perturbation-free medium will have substantial scientific contributions to make.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Supermaterials from the universe

The absence of gravity in space creates conditions favorable for the manufacture of completely uniform materials. In the space environment, molecular forces such as adhesion, cohesion, and capillary action take the place of gravity, and such phenomena as fluid mechanics and heat transfer come into prominence. Several experiments on materials production in orbit are reported.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Space station 'Skylab' - The harvest begins

Initial difficulties connected with the damage suffered by the space station during the launching operation and approaches for overcoming these difficulties are discussed along with the results obtained by the astronauts in their investigations. Attention is given to biomedical results, new solar discoveries, observations of the earth, materials research, and the new products obtained as a result of space processing.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Skylab and solar exploration

Review of some of the findings concerning solar structure, energy production, and heat transport obtained with the aid of the manned Skylab space station observatory launched on May 14, 1973. Among the topics discussed are the observation of thermonuclear fusion processes which cannot be simulated on earth, the observation of short-wave solar radiation not visible to observers on earth, and the investigation of energy-transport processes occurring in the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. An apparent paradox is noted in that the cooler chromosphere is heating the hotter corona, seemingly in defiance of the second law of thermodynamics, thus suggesting that a nonthermal mechanism underlies the energy transport. Understanding of this nonthermal mechanism is regarded as an indispensable prerequisite for future development of plasma systems for terrestrial applications.

Von Puttkamer, J.↗